New treatments for atopic dermatitis targeting beyond IL-4/IL-13 cytokines

Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an increasingly common inflammatory skin disease undergoing significant revolution in recent years. New data on disease pathogenesis advanced the developments of novel therapeutics, mainly for patients with moderate to severe conditions, for whom treatment options have been largely insufficient for many years. Data Sources: Review of recent studies investigating systemic treatments for AD. Study Selections: Relevant literature concerning novel therapeutics for AD beyond targeted monoclonal antibodies antagonizing selectively interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-13 was obtained from a PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov search and summarized. Results: Multiple clinical trials of both nonspecific as well as specific agents revealed favorable outcomes in AD, including JAK inhibitors, a dual JAK/SYK inhibitor, a histamine H4R antagonist, antagonists of the TSLP/OX40L axis, an IL-22 inhibitor, and IL-33 and IL-17C antagonists. Importantly, negative trials were published as well (eg, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, apremilast). Conclusion: In this rapidly evolving field of AD treatments, a completely new treatment paradigm will be available in the near future.