TY - JOUR
T1 - New insights into the comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in adolescent and young adult females
AU - Biederman, Joseph
AU - Ball, Sarah W.
AU - Monuteaux, Michael C.
AU - Mick, Eric
AU - Spencer, Thomas J.
AU - McCreary, Michelle
AU - Cote, Michelle
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
PY - 2008/4
Y1 - 2008/4
N2 - OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depression (MD) in adolescent and young adult females. METHOD: Subjects were females with (n = 140) and without (n = 122) ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric settings. Subjects were followed prospectively for 5 years into adolescence and young adulthood and reassessed in multiple nonoverlapping domains including psychiatric, cognitive, interpersonal, family, and educational functioning. RESULTS: Females with ADHD had a 2.5 times higher risk for MD at adolescent follow-up compared with control females, adjusting for psychiatric comorbidity. MD in females with ADHD was associated with an earlier age at onset, greater than twice the duration, more severe depression-associated impairment, a higher rate of suicidality, and a greater likelihood of requiring psychiatric hospitalization than MD in control girls. Parental MD and proband mania were significant predictors of MD among females with ADHD, independently of other predictors. CONCLUSIONS: MD emerging in the context of ADHD in females is an impairing and severe comorbidity worthy of further clinical and scientific considerations. Copyright 2008
AB - OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depression (MD) in adolescent and young adult females. METHOD: Subjects were females with (n = 140) and without (n = 122) ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric settings. Subjects were followed prospectively for 5 years into adolescence and young adulthood and reassessed in multiple nonoverlapping domains including psychiatric, cognitive, interpersonal, family, and educational functioning. RESULTS: Females with ADHD had a 2.5 times higher risk for MD at adolescent follow-up compared with control females, adjusting for psychiatric comorbidity. MD in females with ADHD was associated with an earlier age at onset, greater than twice the duration, more severe depression-associated impairment, a higher rate of suicidality, and a greater likelihood of requiring psychiatric hospitalization than MD in control girls. Parental MD and proband mania were significant predictors of MD among females with ADHD, independently of other predictors. CONCLUSIONS: MD emerging in the context of ADHD in females is an impairing and severe comorbidity worthy of further clinical and scientific considerations. Copyright 2008
KW - Adolescents
KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW - Females
KW - Major depression
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=41349086716&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3
DO - 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3
M3 - Article
C2 - 18388760
AN - SCOPUS:41349086716
SN - 0890-8567
VL - 47
SP - 426
EP - 434
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
IS - 4
ER -