Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera

William T. Lee; Roxanne C. Girardin; Alan P. Dupuis; Karen E. Kulas; Anne F. Payne; Susan J. Wong; Suzanne Arinsburg; Freddy T. Nguyen; Damodara Rao Mendu; Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt; Jeffrey Jhang; Ania Wajnberg; Florian Krammer; Carlos Cordon-Cardo; Sherlita Amler; Marisa Montecalvo; Brad Hutton; Jill Taylor; Kathleen A. Mcdonough

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa673

Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera

William T. Lee, Roxanne C. Girardin, Alan P. Dupuis, Karen E. Kulas, Anne F. Payne, Susan J. Wong, Suzanne Arinsburg, Freddy T. Nguyen, Damodara Rao Mendu, Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt, Jeffrey Jhang, Ania Wajnberg, Florian Krammer, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Sherlita Amler, Marisa Montecalvo, Brad Hutton, Jill Taylor, Kathleen A. Mcdonough

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66 Scopus citations

Abstract

Passive transfer of antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients is being used as an experimental treatment for eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidelines for convalescent plasma initially recommended target antibody titers of 160. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera from recovered COVID-19 patients using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at moderate (PRNT50) and high (PRNT90) stringency thresholds. We found that neutralizing activity significantly increased with time post symptom onset (PSO), reaching a peak at 31-35 days PSO. At this point, the number of sera having neutralizing titers of at least 160 was approximately 93% (PRNT50) and approximately 54% (PRNT90). Sera with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (>960 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) showed maximal activity, but not all high-titer sera contained neutralizing antibody at FDA recommended levels, particularly at high stringency. These results underscore the value of serum characterization for neutralization activity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	47-55
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume	223
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa673
State	Published - 1 Jan 2021

Keywords

COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
convalescent plasma
neutralizing antibodies

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Lee, W. T., Girardin, R. C., Dupuis, A. P., Kulas, K. E., Payne, A. F., Wong, S. J., Arinsburg, S., Nguyen, F. T., Mendu, D. R., Firpo-Betancourt, A., Jhang, J., Wajnberg, A., Krammer, F., Cordon-Cardo, C., Amler, S., Montecalvo, M., Hutton, B., Taylor, J., & Mcdonough, K. A. (2021). Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 223(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa673

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abstract = "Passive transfer of antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients is being used as an experimental treatment for eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidelines for convalescent plasma initially recommended target antibody titers of 160. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera from recovered COVID-19 patients using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at moderate (PRNT50) and high (PRNT90) stringency thresholds. We found that neutralizing activity significantly increased with time post symptom onset (PSO), reaching a peak at 31-35 days PSO. At this point, the number of sera having neutralizing titers of at least 160 was approximately 93% (PRNT50) and approximately 54% (PRNT90). Sera with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (>960 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) showed maximal activity, but not all high-titer sera contained neutralizing antibody at FDA recommended levels, particularly at high stringency. These results underscore the value of serum characterization for neutralization activity.",

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Lee, WT, Girardin, RC, Dupuis, AP, Kulas, KE, Payne, AF, Wong, SJ, Arinsburg, S, Nguyen, FT, Mendu, DR, Firpo-Betancourt, A, Jhang, J, Wajnberg, A , Krammer, F, Cordon-Cardo, C, Amler, S, Montecalvo, M, Hutton, B, Taylor, J & Mcdonough, KA 2021, 'Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera', Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 223, no. 1, pp. 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa673

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AU - Girardin, Roxanne C.

AU - Dupuis, Alan P.

AU - Kulas, Karen E.

AU - Payne, Anne F.

AU - Wong, Susan J.

AU - Arinsburg, Suzanne

AU - Nguyen, Freddy T.

AU - Mendu, Damodara Rao

AU - Firpo-Betancourt, Adolfo

AU - Jhang, Jeffrey

AU - Wajnberg, Ania

AU - Krammer, Florian

AU - Cordon-Cardo, Carlos

AU - Amler, Sherlita

AU - Montecalvo, Marisa

AU - Hutton, Brad

AU - Taylor, Jill

AU - Mcdonough, Kathleen A.

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N2 - Passive transfer of antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients is being used as an experimental treatment for eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidelines for convalescent plasma initially recommended target antibody titers of 160. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera from recovered COVID-19 patients using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at moderate (PRNT50) and high (PRNT90) stringency thresholds. We found that neutralizing activity significantly increased with time post symptom onset (PSO), reaching a peak at 31-35 days PSO. At this point, the number of sera having neutralizing titers of at least 160 was approximately 93% (PRNT50) and approximately 54% (PRNT90). Sera with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (>960 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) showed maximal activity, but not all high-titer sera contained neutralizing antibody at FDA recommended levels, particularly at high stringency. These results underscore the value of serum characterization for neutralization activity.

AB - Passive transfer of antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients is being used as an experimental treatment for eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) guidelines for convalescent plasma initially recommended target antibody titers of 160. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera from recovered COVID-19 patients using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at moderate (PRNT50) and high (PRNT90) stringency thresholds. We found that neutralizing activity significantly increased with time post symptom onset (PSO), reaching a peak at 31-35 days PSO. At this point, the number of sera having neutralizing titers of at least 160 was approximately 93% (PRNT50) and approximately 54% (PRNT90). Sera with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (>960 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) showed maximal activity, but not all high-titer sera contained neutralizing antibody at FDA recommended levels, particularly at high stringency. These results underscore the value of serum characterization for neutralization activity.

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JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases

JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases

IS - 1

ER -

Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera

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Keywords

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