Neuroradiology

This chapter presents an introduction to neuroradiology. It demonstrates the anatomy and pathology within the patient to help confirm or exclude a differential diagnosis, or to uncover unsuspected disease. At present, imaging analysis typically begins with computed (axial) tomography (CT, CAT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The chapter discusses the clinico-radiologic usefulness and basic pharmacodynamics/kinetics of contrast agents. It provides the imaging of cerebral ischemia, parenchymal hemorrhage. CT and MRI may both be used to assess the presence and extent of cerebral ischemia-infarction. The initial goal of imaging is to rule out hemorrhage and to help determine the age and extent of infarction. The intracranial circulation is now displayed routinely on CT and MR angiograms. MRI requires special attention to safety issues unique to the magnetic environment. Performed safely, neuroimaging contributes greatly to the discovery and characterization of the neuropathology responsible for the patient’s presenting signs and symptoms.