@article{a98e1243866f44ecb825b8cc95e8eb2b,
title = "Multivariate analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genetic associations with traits related to self-regulation and addiction",
abstract = "Behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation, such as substance use, antisocial behavior and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, are collectively referred to as externalizing and have shared genetic liability. We applied a multivariate approach that leverages genetic correlations among externalizing traits for genome-wide association analyses. By pooling data from ~1.5 million people, our approach is statistically more powerful than single-trait analyses and identifies more than 500 genetic loci. The loci were enriched for genes expressed in the brain and related to nervous system development. A polygenic score constructed from our results predicts a range of behavioral and medical outcomes that were not part of genome-wide analyses, including traits that until now lacked well-performing polygenic scores, such as opioid use disorder, suicide, HIV infections, criminal convictions and unemployment. Our findings are consistent with the idea that persistent difficulties in self-regulation can be conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental trait with complex and far-reaching social and health correlates.",
author = "{COGA Collaborators} and {Karlsson Linn{\'e}r}, Richard and Mallard, {Travis T.} and Barr, {Peter B.} and Sandra Sanchez-Roige and Madole, {James W.} and Driver, {Morgan N.} and Poore, {Holly E.} and {de Vlaming}, Ronald and Grotzinger, {Andrew D.} and Tielbeek, {Jorim J.} and Johnson, {Emma C.} and Mengzhen Liu and Rosenthal, {Sara Brin} and Trey Ideker and Hang Zhou and Kember, {Rachel L.} and Pasman, {Jo{\"e}lle A.} and Verweij, {Karin J.H.} and Liu, {Dajiang J.} and Scott Vrieze and Bernice Porjesz and Victor Hesselbrock and Foroud, {Tatiana M.} and Arpana Agrawal and Edenberg, {Howard J.} and Nurnberger, {John I.} and Yunlong Liu and Samuel Kuperman and John Kramer and Meyer, {Jacquelyn L.} and Chella Kamarajan and Pandey, {Ashwini K.} and Laura Bierut and John Rice and Bucholz, {Kathleen K.} and Schuckit, {Marc A.} and Jay Tischfield and Andrew Brooks and Hart, {Ronald P.} and Laura Almasy and Dick, {Danielle M.} and Salvatore, {Jessica E.} and Allison Goate and Manav Kapoor and Paul Slesinger and Scott, {Denise M.} and Lance Bauer and Leah Wetherill and Xiaoling Xuei and Dongbing Lai",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1038/s41593-021-00908-3",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "1367--1376",
journal = "Nature Neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "10",
}