@article{c119b6ca751845d8aedd108f6515f434,
title = "Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids",
abstract = "The concentrations of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are influenced by smoking, but it is unknown whether genetic associations with lipids may be modified by smoking. We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study in 133,805 individuals with follow-up in an additional 253,467 individuals. Combined meta-analyses identified 13 new loci associated with lipids, some of which were detected only because association differed by smoking status. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of including diverse populations, particularly in studies of interactions with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences by ancestry may contribute to novel findings.",
author = "{Understanding Society Scientific Group} and {Lifelines Cohort} and {COGENT-Kidney Consortium} and {EPIC-InterAct Consortium} and Bentley, {Amy R.} and Sung, {Yun J.} and Brown, {Michael R.} and Winkler, {Thomas W.} and Kraja, {Aldi T.} and Ioanna Ntalla and Karen Schwander and Chasman, {Daniel I.} and Elise Lim and Xuan Deng and Xiuqing Guo and Jingmin Liu and Yingchang Lu and Cheng, {Ching Yu} and Xueling Sim and Dina Vojinovic and Huffman, {Jennifer E.} and Musani, {Solomon K.} and Changwei Li and Feitosa, {Mary F.} and Richard, {Melissa A.} and Raymond Noordam and Jenna Baker and Guanjie Chen and Hugues Aschard and Bartz, {Traci M.} and Jingzhong Ding and Rajkumar Dorajoo and Manning, {Alisa K.} and Tuomo Rankinen and Smith, {Albert V.} and Tajuddin, {Salman M.} and Wei Zhao and Mariaelisa Graff and Maris Alver and Mathilde Boissel and Chai, {Jin Fang} and Xu Chen and Jasmin Divers and Evangelos Evangelou and Chuan Gao and Anuj Goel and Yanick Hagemeijer and Harris, {Sarah E.} and Hartwig, {Fernando P.} and Meian He and Horimoto, {Andrea R.V.R.} and Hsu, {Fang Chi} and Hung, {Yi Jen} and Bottinger, {Erwin P.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors declare no competing interests except for the following. O.H.F. received grants from Metagenics (on women{\textquoteright}s health and epigenetics) and from Nestle (on child health). J.B.J. serves as a consultant for Mundipharma Co., is a patent holder with Biocompatibles UK, Ltd (“Treatment of Eye Diseases using Encapsulated Cells Encoding and Secreting Neuroprotective Factor and/or Anti-angiogenic Factor”; patent number 20,120,263,794), and has a patent application with the University of Heidelberg (“Agents for Use in the Therapeutic or Prophylactic Treatment of Myopia or Hyperopia”; Europ{\"a}ische Patentanmeldung 15000771.4). The participation of M.A.N. is supported by a consulting contract between Data Tecnica International and the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; as a possible conflict of interest, M.A.N. also consults for Illumina, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and University of California Healthcare, among others. N.P. has received financial support from several pharmaceutical companies that manufacture either blood pressure–lowering or lipid-lowering agents, or both, and consultancy fees. P.S. has received research awards from Pfizer. B.M.P. serves on the DSMB of a clinical trial funded by the manufacturer (Zoll LifeCor) and on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson. L.J.B. is listed as an inventor on issued US patent 8,080,371 (“Markers for Addiction”), covering the use of certain SNPs in determining the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of addiction. Funding Information: The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Human Genome Research Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the US Department of Health and Human Services. This project was largely supported by a grant from the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R01HL118305) and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health through the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health (CRGGH). The CRGGH is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Center for Information Technology, and the Office of the Director at the National Institutes of Health (Z01HG200362). Additional and study-specific acknowledgments appear in the Supplementary Note. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.",
year = "2019",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41588-019-0378-y",
language = "English",
volume = "51",
pages = "636--648",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
issn = "1061-4036",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "4",
}