TY - JOUR
T1 - MRI in multiple sclerosis
T2 - current status and future prospects
AU - Bakshi, Rohit
AU - Thompson, Alan J.
AU - Rocca, Maria A.
AU - Pelletier, Daniel
AU - Dousset, Vincent
AU - Barkhof, Frederik
AU - Inglese, Matilde
AU - Guttmann, Charles RG
AU - Horsfield, Mark A.
AU - Filippi, Massimo
N1 - Funding Information:
References for this Review were identified by searches of PubMed from January, 1985, to April, 2008, by use of the terms “MRI” or “imaging” and “multiple sclerosis”. Articles resulting from that search and references cited in those articles were considered for this Review. The articles chosen focus on the latest and most promising advances in the field. Articles were also identified through searches of the authors' own files. Only papers published in English were reviewed. Contributors RB and MF coordinated the Review. RB prepared an initial draft of the introduction, the new uses of conventional MRI data (lesion-based measures) section, the ultra-high field MRI section, and the conclusions. AJT prepared an initial draft of the diagnosis/classification and optic-nerve imaging sections. MAR prepared, with MF, an initial draft of the magnetisation transfer, functional MRI, and spinal-cord imaging sections. DP prepared an initial draft of the proton MR spectroscopy and myelin imaging sections. VD prepared an initial draft of the new contrast agents section. FB prepared an initial draft of the atrophy section. MI prepared an initial draft of the perfusion imaging section. CRGG prepared, with RB, an initial draft of the new uses of conventional MRI data (lesion-based measures) section. MAH prepared, with MF, an initial draft of the diffusion imaging section and drafted the paragraphs on the post-processing methods. MF prepared an initial draft of the magnetisation transfer, diffusion imaging, functional MRI, spinal cord imaging, and conclusions sections. All authors collaborated in all subsequent steps of manuscript preparation. Conflicts of interest RB has received honoraria for lectures and travel expenses, and consulting fees as an investigator in previous and current treatment trials from Biogen Idec, Genentech, Merck-Serono, Teva Neuroscience, and Pepgen. AJT serves on advisory boards for Novartis and Genentech, chairs Teva's data, safety, and monitoring committee for the GA for ALS trial, and has received honoraria for lecturing from Bayer-Schering and Merck-Serono. MAR has received personal compensation for speaking activities from Merck-Serono and Biogen-Dompè. DP has received personal compensation for speaking activities and consulting services from Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Synar Inc., and Genentech. VD has received honoraria from Biogen and Guerbet for lectures and travel expenses. FB has received personal compensation for consulting services from Merck-Serono, Bayer-Schering, Biogen Idec, Novartis, Aventis, Wyeth, and Teva. MI has received honoraria for lecturing from Teva Neuroscience. CRGG has received honoraria for lectures and travel expenses, and consulting fees as an investigator in previous and current treatment trials from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Teva Neuroscience, and Pepgen. MAH has received consulting fees for work in previous and current treatment trials from Teva, Merck-Serono, and Bayer-Schering. MF has received honoraria for lectures and travel expenses, and consulting fees as an investigator in previous and current treatment trials from Teva, Merck-Serono, Bayer-Schering, Biogen-Dompè, Genmab, and Pepgen. Acknowledgments RB acknowledges support of research grants from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH; 1R01NS055083-01) and National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG3705A1; RG3798A2). MI acknowledges support of a research grant from the NIH (5R01NS051623-03). CRGG acknowledges support of research grants from the NIH (P41RR13218-01) and National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG3574A1). The images in figure 2 were kindly provided by Bas Jasperse, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam. We are grateful to Sophie Tamm for assistance with manuscript preparation.
PY - 2008/7
Y1 - 2008/7
N2 - Many promising MRI approaches for research or clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS) have recently emerged, or are under development or refinement. Advanced MRI methods need to be assessed to determine whether they allow earlier diagnosis or better identification of phenotypes. Improved post-processing should allow more efficient and complete extraction of information from images. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy should improve in sensitivity and specificity with higher field strengths and should enable the detection of a wider array of metabolites. Diffusion imaging is moving closer to the goal of defining structural connectivity and, thereby, determining the functional significance of lesions at specific locations. Cell-specific imaging now seems feasible with new magnetic resonance contrast agents. The imaging of myelin water fraction brings the hope of providing a specific measure of myelin content. Ultra-high-field MRI increases sensitivity, but also presents new technical challenges. Here, we review these recent developments in MRI for MS, and also look forward to refinements in spinal-cord imaging, optic-nerve imaging, perfusion MRI, and functional MRI. Advances in MRI should improve our ability to diagnose, monitor, and understand the pathophysiology of MS.
AB - Many promising MRI approaches for research or clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS) have recently emerged, or are under development or refinement. Advanced MRI methods need to be assessed to determine whether they allow earlier diagnosis or better identification of phenotypes. Improved post-processing should allow more efficient and complete extraction of information from images. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy should improve in sensitivity and specificity with higher field strengths and should enable the detection of a wider array of metabolites. Diffusion imaging is moving closer to the goal of defining structural connectivity and, thereby, determining the functional significance of lesions at specific locations. Cell-specific imaging now seems feasible with new magnetic resonance contrast agents. The imaging of myelin water fraction brings the hope of providing a specific measure of myelin content. Ultra-high-field MRI increases sensitivity, but also presents new technical challenges. Here, we review these recent developments in MRI for MS, and also look forward to refinements in spinal-cord imaging, optic-nerve imaging, perfusion MRI, and functional MRI. Advances in MRI should improve our ability to diagnose, monitor, and understand the pathophysiology of MS.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=50049104744&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70137-6
DO - 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70137-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18565455
AN - SCOPUS:50049104744
SN - 1474-4422
VL - 7
SP - 615
EP - 625
JO - The Lancet Neurology
JF - The Lancet Neurology
IS - 7
ER -