@article{3b19207e90024d07a26311207de59790,
title = "Mood-state effects on amygdala volume in bipolar disorder",
abstract = "Background: Prior structural neuroimaging studies of the amygdala in patients with bipolar disorder have reported higher or lower volumes, or no difference relative to healthy controls. These inconsistent findings may have resulted from combining subjects in different mood states. The prefrontal cortex has recently been reported to have a lower volume in depressed versus euthymic bipolar patients. Here we examined whether similar mood state-dependent volumetric differences are detectable in the amygdala. Methods: Forty subjects, including 28 with bipolar disorder type I (12 depressed and 16 euthymic), and 12 healthy comparison subjects were scanned on a 3 T magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanner. Amygdala volumes were manually traced and compared across subject groups, adjusting for sex and total brain volume. Results: Statistical analyses found a significant effect of mood state and hemisphere on amygdala volume. Subsequent comparisons revealed that amygdala volumes were significantly lower in the depressed bipolar group compared to both the euthymic bipolar (p = 0.005) and healthy control (p = 0.043) groups. Limitations: Our study was cross-sectional and some patients were medicated. Conclusions: Our results suggest that mood state influences amygdala volume in subjects with bipolar disorder. Future studies that replicate these findings in unmedicated patient samples scanned longitudinally are needed.",
keywords = "Amygdala, Bipolar disorder, Depression, MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging",
author = "Foland-Ross, {Lara C.} and Brooks, {John O.} and Jim Mintz and George Bartzokis and Jennifer Townsend and Thompson, {Paul M.} and Altshuler, {Lori L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Funding for this study was provided by the National Institutes of Health [MH078556 (LCFR), MH075944 (LLA), MH001848 (LLA) EB001561 (PMT), RR019771 (PMT)]. The National Institute on Aging provided additional support for algorithm development (AG016570). For their generous support, the authors also thank the National Association for Research on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD), the Brain Mapping Medical Research Organization, the Brain Mapping Support Foundation, the Pierson-Lovelace Foundation, the Ahmanson Foundation, the William M. and Linda R. Dietel Philanthropic Fund at the Northern Piedmont Community Foundation, the Tamkin Foundation, the Jennifer Jones-Simon Foundation, the Capital Group Companies Charitable Foundation, the Robson Family and Northstar Fund and the National Center for Research Resources (RR012169, RR013642 and RR000865). The study design was peer-reviewed by the National Institutes of Health. Funding sources had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Funding Information: Dr. Altshuler has received past (and potential future) funding from Abbott Laboratories (research support and consulting honoraria); Forest Laboratories (consulting and speakers bureau honoraria); GlaxoSmithKline (speakers bureau honoraria); and no past, but potential future honoraria from Astra-Zeneca (speakers bureau) and Merck and Co. (consulting). Dr. Brooks has received funding from Pfizer Inc. (research support), Merck (speakers bureau), and Sunovion (speakers bureau). ",
year = "2012",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.003",
language = "English",
volume = "139",
pages = "298--301",
journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders",
issn = "0165-0327",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "3",
}