Mononuclear macrophage (M‐CFC) colony formation in semisolid media in the absence of exogenous GM‐CSF

Human fetal bone marrow (FBM) cells were examined for the ability to form colonies in the absence of exogenous colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) in double layer agar, methylcellulose (MC), and in agar‐MC (agar underlayer, MC overlayer) culture systems. Without exogenous CSF, macrophage colonies (M‐CFC) were formed in a combined culture of agar and MC. Aggregates of 5–40 cells were observed on day 7. Gradually, large compact colonies which survived for 10–12 weeks of cultivation, were formed. They were composed of mononuclear monocytes and multinucleated cells. M‐CFC progenitors were nonadherent, but their progeny became adherent during differentiation within the colony. Colony formation was cell‐dose‐dependent. Depletion of monocytes increased the number of colonies in agar‐MC cultures and stimulated the development of some macrophage colonies in MC. Survival of monocyte progenitors was not dependent on CSF. Neither was their proliferation nor partial differentiation in agar‐MC cultures. CSF increased M‐CFC colony efficiency, however, if it was present when cultures were initiated. Addition of CSF to M‐CFC growing for 2–5 weeks in CSF‐deprived medium stimulated monocytes proliferation and transformation into macrophages. Epithelioid cells, and increase in the number of giant multinucleated cells, and granulocyte multiplication were also observed. The absolute dependence of macrophage colony formation on CSF described by others might be a result of inadequate culture conditions due to agar rather than an intrinsic physiological requirement.