TY - JOUR
T1 - Modifiable Risk Factors in Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
T2 - A Review
AU - Litke, Rachel
AU - Garcharna, Lorena Cancino
AU - Jiwani, Salima
AU - Neugroschl, Judith
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Purpose: Although Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) have long been considered nonpreventable and even an inevitable consequence of aging, recent findings from longitudinal studies indicate a downtrend in age-adjusted incidence and prevalence of ADRDs in Western countries. This remarkable trend might be the result of improved management of so-called modifiable risk factors. The aim of this review is to present evidence of modifiable factors of ADRDs in a life-course approach. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted between November and December 2020 to identify relevant studies evaluating the role of modifiable risk factors in the development of ADRDs. Key words (Alzheimer's disease and modifiable risk factors) were used and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. Findings: This review identifies modifiable factors for ADRDs divided into early-life, middle-life, and late-life risk factors, depending on the available window of preventive action. According to life course exposure, factors can be protective or deleterious for ADRDs that participate in the underlying pathophysiologic complexity of these diseases as well as the complexity for public health measures implementations. Implications: The available evidence derived from epidemiologic, preclinical, interventional studies suggest that modifiable risk factors for ADRDs offer opportunities for therapeutic and preventive actions.
AB - Purpose: Although Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) have long been considered nonpreventable and even an inevitable consequence of aging, recent findings from longitudinal studies indicate a downtrend in age-adjusted incidence and prevalence of ADRDs in Western countries. This remarkable trend might be the result of improved management of so-called modifiable risk factors. The aim of this review is to present evidence of modifiable factors of ADRDs in a life-course approach. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted between November and December 2020 to identify relevant studies evaluating the role of modifiable risk factors in the development of ADRDs. Key words (Alzheimer's disease and modifiable risk factors) were used and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. Findings: This review identifies modifiable factors for ADRDs divided into early-life, middle-life, and late-life risk factors, depending on the available window of preventive action. According to life course exposure, factors can be protective or deleterious for ADRDs that participate in the underlying pathophysiologic complexity of these diseases as well as the complexity for public health measures implementations. Implications: The available evidence derived from epidemiologic, preclinical, interventional studies suggest that modifiable risk factors for ADRDs offer opportunities for therapeutic and preventive actions.
KW - Alzheimer disease and related dementias
KW - aging
KW - environmental factors
KW - metabolic syndrome
KW - prevention
KW - vascular disease
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107455102&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.05.006
DO - 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.05.006
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34108080
AN - SCOPUS:85107455102
SN - 0149-2918
VL - 43
SP - 953
EP - 965
JO - Clinical Therapeutics
JF - Clinical Therapeutics
IS - 6
ER -