Metabolism of agmatine into urea but not into nitric oxide in rat brain

Agmatine is a guanidino compound abundant in bacteria and plants where it serves as a precursor for polyamine synthesis. It can interfere with several neurotransmission-related functions and can exert neuroprotective effects after brain injury. Agmatine was recently identified in mammalian brain and its synthesis by arginine decarboxylation was characterized. Its metabolism by the brain is, however, unknown. Here we report evidence indicating that agmatine can be selectively metabolized in the rat brain (cerebellum) into urea and thus, may lead to formation of putrescine, the precursor of polyamine synthesis. In addition, while agmatine can inhibit brain nitric oxide synthase, it did not serve as a substrate for nitric oxide formation.