Machine learning of clinical variables and coronary artery calcium scoring for the prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary computed tomography angiography: Analysis from the CONFIRM registry

Subhi J. Al'Aref, Gabriel Maliakal, Gurpreet Singh, Alexander R. van Rosendael, Xiaoyue Ma, Zhuoran Xu, Omar Al Hussein Alawamlh, Benjamin Lee, Mohit Pandey, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Daniele Andreini, Jeroen J. Bax, Daniel S. Berman, Matthew J. Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Q. Callister, Hyuk Jae Chang, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin J.W. ChowRicardo C. Cury, Augustin DeLago, Gudrun Feuchtner, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Yong Jin Kim, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Erica Maffei, Hugo Marques, Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves, Gianluca Pontone, Gilbert L. Raff, Ronen Rubinshtein, Todd C. Villines, Heidi Gransar, Yao Lu, Erica C. Jones, Jessica M. Peña, Fay Y. Lin, James K. Min, Leslee J. Shaw

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

161 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aims Symptom-based pretest probability scores that estimate the likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in stable chest pain have moderate accuracy. We sought to develop a machine learning (ML) model utilizing clinical factors and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS), to predict the presence of obstructive CAD on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods The study screened 35 281 participants enrolled in the CONFIRM registry, who underwent >_64 detector row and results CCTA evaluation because of either suspected or previously established CAD. A boosted ensemble algorithm (XGBoost) was used, with data split into a training set (80%) on which 10-fold cross-validation was done and a test set (20%). Performance was assessed of the (1) ML model (using 25 clinical and demographic features), (2) ML þ CACS, (3) CAD consortium clinical score, (4) CAD consortium clinical score þ CACS, and (5) updated Diamond-Forrester (UDF) score. The study population comprised of 13 054 patients, of whom 2380 (18.2%) had obstructive CAD (>_50% stenosis). Machine learning with CACS produced the best performance [area under the curve (AUC) of 0.881] compared with ML alone (AUC of 0.773), CAD consortium clinical score (AUC of 0.734), and with CACS (AUC of 0.866) and UDF (AUC of 0.682), P < 0.05 for all comparisons. CACS, age, and gender were the highest ranking features. Conclusion A ML model incorporating clinical features in addition to CACS can accurately estimate the pretest likelihood of obstructive CAD on CCTA. In clinical practice, the utilization of such an approach could improve risk stratification and help guide downstream management.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)359-367
Number of pages9
JournalEuropean Heart Journal
Volume41
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 14 Jan 2020
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Coronary artery calcium score
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Coronary computed tomography angiography
  • Machine learning

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