Abstract
Patients with lung cancer are especially vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a greater than sevenfold higher rate of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19, a greater than threefold higher hospitalization rate with high complication rates, and an estimated case fatality rate of more than 30%. The reasons for the increased vulnerability are not known. In addition, beyond the direct impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality among patients with lung cancer, COVID-19, with its disruption of patient care, has also resulted in substantial impact on lung cancer screening and treatment/management.COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in people with lung cancer. On the basis of the available data, patients with lung cancer should continue their course of cancer treatment and get vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For unknown reasons, some patients with lung cancer mount poor antibody responses to vaccination. Thus, boosting vaccination seems urgently indicated in this subgroup of vulnerable patients with lung cancer. Nevertheless, many unanswered questions regarding vaccination in this population remain, including the magnitude, quality, and duration of antibody response and the role of innate and acquired cellular immunities for clinical protection. Additional important knowledge gaps also remain, including the following: how can we best protect patients with lung cancer from developing COVID-19, including managing care in patient with lung cancer and the home environment of patients with lung cancer; are there clinical/treatment demographics and tumor molecular demographics that affect severity of COVID-19 disease in patients with lung cancer; does anticancer treatment affect antibody production and protection; does SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the development/progression of lung cancer; and are special measures and vaccine strategies needed for patients with lung cancer as viral variants of concern emerge.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 214-227 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Journal of Thoracic Oncology |
Volume | 17 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 2022 |
Keywords
- COVID-19
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Lung cancer
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccine
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In: Journal of Thoracic Oncology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 02.2022, p. 214-227.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Lung Cancer and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
T2 - Identifying Important Knowledge Gaps for Investigation
AU - Rolfo, Christian
AU - Meshulami, Noy
AU - Russo, Alessandro
AU - Krammer, Florian
AU - García-Sastre, Adolfo
AU - Mack, Philip C.
AU - Gomez, Jorge E.
AU - Bhardwaj, Nina
AU - Benyounes, Amin
AU - Sirera, Rafael
AU - Moore, Amy
AU - Rohs, Nicholas
AU - Henschke, Claudia I.
AU - Yankelevitz, David
AU - King, Jennifer
AU - Shyr, Yu
AU - Bunn, Paul A.
AU - Minna, John D.
AU - Hirsch, Fred R.
N1 - Funding Information: Disclosure: Dr. Rolfo reports receiving funding from the Lung Cancer Research Foundation—Pfizer Grant 2019; personal fees for attending advisory board meetings from ArcherDx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Inivata, MD Serono, and Novartis; fees for speakers bureau from AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Roche; and nonfinancial support from Guardant Health through a research collaboration. Dr. Russo reports receiving personal fees for attending advisory board meetings from AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has filed patent applications relating to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic assays and NDV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines which list Dr. Krammer as coinventor. Mount Sinai has spun out a company, Kantaro, to market serologic tests for SARS-CoV-2. Dr. Krammer has consulted for Merck and Pfizer (before 2020) and is currently consulting for Pfizer, Third Rock Ventures, Seqirus, and Avimex. The Krammer laboratory is also collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2. Dr. García-Sastre reports receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI) U54CA260560 and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 75N93019R00028; having royalties or licenses from Avimex and Medimmune; receiving consulting fees from 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Esperovax, Farmak, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, and Pfizer; having speakers bureau for Sequirus; having patents planned, issued, or pending for use of NDV as vaccine vector for coronavirus disease 2019; participating at the advisory board for coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in the New York State; and having stock options in Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, and Pagoda. Dr. Mack reports receiving funding from NCI U54CA260560 grant and speakers bureau from Guardant Health and Amgen. Dr. Gomez reports receiving funding from NCI U54CA260560 grant and personal fees for attending advisory board meetings from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Bhardwaj is an extramural member of the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy; receives research funds from Regeneron, Harbor Biomedical, and Dragonfly Therapeutics; and is on the advisory boards of Neon Therapeutics, Novartis, Avidea, Boehringer Ingelheim, Rome Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, BreakBio, Carisma Therapeutics, Rubio, CureVac, Genotwin, BioNTech, Gilead and Tempest Therapeutics, and the Cancer Research Institute. Dr. Sirera reports receiving support from Merck Sharp & Dohme for attending meetings, having honoraria, and conducting lectures. Dr. Moore reports receiving unpaid participation in the NTRKers Board of Directors. Dr. Rohs reports receiving institutional grant support from U54 Grant; receiving personal consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Genentech, and BeiGene; having speakers bureau from PER/OncLive; participating on the Mount Sinai Data Safety and Monitoring Committee; and being the founder of the New York Lung Cancer Foundation. Dr. Henschke is a named inventor on a number of patents and patent applications relating to the evaluation of pulmonary nodules on computed tomography scans of the chest which are owned by the Cornell Research Foundation (CRF). Since 2009, Dr. Henschke does not accept any financial benefit from these patents, including royalties, and any other proceeds related to the patents or patent applications owned by CRF. Dr. Henschke is the President and serves on the board of the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Research Foundation and receives no compensation from the Foundation. The Foundation is established to provide grants for projects, conferences, and public databases for research on early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Recipients include I-ELCAP, among others. The funding comes from a variety of sources, including philanthropic donations, grants, and contracts with agencies (federal and nonfederal), imaging, and pharmaceutical companies relating to image processing assessments. The various sources of funding exclude any funding from tobacco companies or tobacco-related sources. Dr. Yankelevitz reports receiving consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Genentech; being a named inventor on a number of patents and patent applications relating to the evaluation of diseases of the chest, including measurement of nodules, in which some of these, which are owned by CRF, are nonexclusively licensed to General Electric; serving on the medical advisory board of Carestream; and being an equity owner in Accumetra, a privately held technology company committed to improving the science and practice of image-based decision-making. Dr. King reports receiving funding support from NCI Seronet U54 Funding to Mount Sinai School of Medicine (subcontract to GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer); receiving grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Genentech for scientific research projects funding paid to GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer; having speakers bureau (paid to GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer) from AstraZeneca, Foundation Medicine, Merck, and Thermo Fisher Scientific; and participating on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board (paid to GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer) from Boehringer Ingelheim and Guardant. Dr. Shyr reports receiving funding support from the National Institutes of Health (P30CA068485; U24CA163056; U24CA213274; P50CA236733; P50CA098131; U54CA163072); receiving grants or contracts from the National Institutes of Health (P30CA068485; U24CA163056; U24CA213274; P50CA236733; P50CA098131; U54CA163072); having speakers bureau from Roche, AstraZeneca, and Eisai; and participating on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson), AstraZeneca, and Roche. Dr. Bunn reports receiving consulting fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ascentage, Merck, CStone, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Ipsen, and Verastem; participating on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from Merck and Bristol-Myers Squibb; and having leadership role in Verastem. Dr. Minna reports receiving funding support from the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Hirsch reports receiving grant support from NCI U54CA260560; participating in scientific advisory boards for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi, Genentech/Roche, Merck, Novartis, OncoCyte, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; receiving payment for expert testimony from GLG; and being an investigator in a University of Colorado–owned patent: “EGFR protein expression and EGFR high copy number as predictive biomarker for EGFR directed therapy.” The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding Information: Work in the Krammer laboratory on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. is supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers contract 75N93019C00051, the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (contract #HHSN272201400008C), the JPB Foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (research grant 2020-215611 [5384]), and anonymous donors. In addition, serology efforts in the Krammer laboratory are supported by the National Cancer Institute SeroNet grant U54CA260560 and by the SeroNet in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract number 75N91019D00024, task order number 75N91021F00001. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Patients with lung cancer are especially vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a greater than sevenfold higher rate of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19, a greater than threefold higher hospitalization rate with high complication rates, and an estimated case fatality rate of more than 30%. The reasons for the increased vulnerability are not known. In addition, beyond the direct impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality among patients with lung cancer, COVID-19, with its disruption of patient care, has also resulted in substantial impact on lung cancer screening and treatment/management.COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in people with lung cancer. On the basis of the available data, patients with lung cancer should continue their course of cancer treatment and get vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For unknown reasons, some patients with lung cancer mount poor antibody responses to vaccination. Thus, boosting vaccination seems urgently indicated in this subgroup of vulnerable patients with lung cancer. Nevertheless, many unanswered questions regarding vaccination in this population remain, including the magnitude, quality, and duration of antibody response and the role of innate and acquired cellular immunities for clinical protection. Additional important knowledge gaps also remain, including the following: how can we best protect patients with lung cancer from developing COVID-19, including managing care in patient with lung cancer and the home environment of patients with lung cancer; are there clinical/treatment demographics and tumor molecular demographics that affect severity of COVID-19 disease in patients with lung cancer; does anticancer treatment affect antibody production and protection; does SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the development/progression of lung cancer; and are special measures and vaccine strategies needed for patients with lung cancer as viral variants of concern emerge.
AB - Patients with lung cancer are especially vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a greater than sevenfold higher rate of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19, a greater than threefold higher hospitalization rate with high complication rates, and an estimated case fatality rate of more than 30%. The reasons for the increased vulnerability are not known. In addition, beyond the direct impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality among patients with lung cancer, COVID-19, with its disruption of patient care, has also resulted in substantial impact on lung cancer screening and treatment/management.COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in people with lung cancer. On the basis of the available data, patients with lung cancer should continue their course of cancer treatment and get vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For unknown reasons, some patients with lung cancer mount poor antibody responses to vaccination. Thus, boosting vaccination seems urgently indicated in this subgroup of vulnerable patients with lung cancer. Nevertheless, many unanswered questions regarding vaccination in this population remain, including the magnitude, quality, and duration of antibody response and the role of innate and acquired cellular immunities for clinical protection. Additional important knowledge gaps also remain, including the following: how can we best protect patients with lung cancer from developing COVID-19, including managing care in patient with lung cancer and the home environment of patients with lung cancer; are there clinical/treatment demographics and tumor molecular demographics that affect severity of COVID-19 disease in patients with lung cancer; does anticancer treatment affect antibody production and protection; does SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the development/progression of lung cancer; and are special measures and vaccine strategies needed for patients with lung cancer as viral variants of concern emerge.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Chemotherapy
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Lung cancer
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Vaccine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120827998&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.001
DO - 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34774792
AN - SCOPUS:85120827998
SN - 1556-0864
VL - 17
SP - 214
EP - 227
JO - Journal of Thoracic Oncology
JF - Journal of Thoracic Oncology
IS - 2
ER -