TY - JOUR
T1 - Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders
T2 - a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19
AU - Matsumoto, Chisa
AU - Shibata, Shigeru
AU - Kishi, Takuya
AU - Morimoto, Satoshi
AU - Mogi, Masaki
AU - Yamamoto, Koichi
AU - Kobayashi, Kazuo
AU - Tanaka, Masami
AU - Asayama, Kei
AU - Yamamoto, Eiichiro
AU - Nakagami, Hironori
AU - Hoshide, Satoshi
AU - Mukoyama, Masashi
AU - Kario, Kazuomi
AU - Node, Koichi
AU - Rakugi, Hiromi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Hypertension.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects infected patients even after the acute phase and impairs their health and quality of life by causing a wide variety of symptoms, referred to as long COVID. Although the evidence is still insufficient, hypertension is suspected to be a potential risk factor for long COVID, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases seems to be a key facet of multiple conditions observed in long COVID. Nonetheless, there are few reports that comprehensively review the impacts of long COVID on hypertension and related disorders. As a sequel to our previous report in 2020 which reviewed the association of COVID-19 and hypertension, we summarize the possible influences of long COVID on hypertension-related organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidney, and endocrine system, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorders in this review. Given that the clinical course of COVID-19 is highly affected by age and sex, we also review the impacts of these factors on long COVID. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions, which may lead to better understanding and improved prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects infected patients even after the acute phase and impairs their health and quality of life by causing a wide variety of symptoms, referred to as long COVID. Although the evidence is still insufficient, hypertension is suspected to be a potential risk factor for long COVID, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases seems to be a key facet of multiple conditions observed in long COVID. Nonetheless, there are few reports that comprehensively review the impacts of long COVID on hypertension and related disorders. As a sequel to our previous report in 2020 which reviewed the association of COVID-19 and hypertension, we summarize the possible influences of long COVID on hypertension-related organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidney, and endocrine system, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorders in this review. Given that the clinical course of COVID-19 is highly affected by age and sex, we also review the impacts of these factors on long COVID. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions, which may lead to better understanding and improved prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Endocrine
KW - Frailty
KW - Hypertension
KW - Kidney
KW - Long COVID
KW - Sex difference
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144997792&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2
DO - 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36575228
AN - SCOPUS:85144997792
SN - 0916-9636
VL - 46
SP - 601
EP - 619
JO - Hypertension Research
JF - Hypertension Research
IS - 3
ER -