TY - CHAP
T1 - Live attenuated influenza virus vaccines
T2 - Ns1 truncation as an approach to virus attenuation
AU - Pica, Natalie
AU - Palese, Peter
AU - Steel, John
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Influenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination, usually involving the inactivated type of vaccine, is the primary mechanism of influenza virus prevention. Live attenuated influenza viruses (LAIV), however, are also available for the prevention of disease. These vaccines have been shown to stimulate a robust cellular response, induce IgA and IgG antibodies, and can provide heterosubtypic protection. Cold-adaptation and temperature sensitivity are two mechanisms of influenza virus attenuation, yielding viruses that are both safe and immunogenic. At present, novel attenuation strategies, including the manipulation of viral gene sequences and proteins, are being developed in the hopes of providing new LAIV vaccines. One promising strategy involves the truncation of the NS1 protein of influenza virus, limiting the interferon antagonist capabilities of the influenza pathogen. Experimental vaccines that exploit this mode of attenuation have been tested in several animal models; as summarized herein, high efficacy in reducing mortality, morbidity, and transmission of influenza viruses has been observed.
AB - Influenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination, usually involving the inactivated type of vaccine, is the primary mechanism of influenza virus prevention. Live attenuated influenza viruses (LAIV), however, are also available for the prevention of disease. These vaccines have been shown to stimulate a robust cellular response, induce IgA and IgG antibodies, and can provide heterosubtypic protection. Cold-adaptation and temperature sensitivity are two mechanisms of influenza virus attenuation, yielding viruses that are both safe and immunogenic. At present, novel attenuation strategies, including the manipulation of viral gene sequences and proteins, are being developed in the hopes of providing new LAIV vaccines. One promising strategy involves the truncation of the NS1 protein of influenza virus, limiting the interferon antagonist capabilities of the influenza pathogen. Experimental vaccines that exploit this mode of attenuation have been tested in several animal models; as summarized herein, high efficacy in reducing mortality, morbidity, and transmission of influenza viruses has been observed.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79960068299&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-0346-0277-8_8
DO - 10.1007/978-3-0346-0277-8_8
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:79960068299
SN - 9783034602761
T3 - Birkhauser Advances in Infectious Diseases
SP - 195
EP - 221
BT - Replicating Vaccines
A2 - Dormitzer, Philip
A2 - Rappuoli, Rino
A2 - Mandl, Christian
ER -