TY - JOUR
T1 - Lack of essential role of NF-κB p50, RelA, and cRel subunits in virus-induced type 1 IFN expression
AU - Wang, Xingyu
AU - Hussain, Sofia
AU - Wang, Emilie Jeanne
AU - Wang, Xiuyan
AU - Li, Ming O.
AU - García-Sastre, Adolfo
AU - Beg, Amer A.
PY - 2007/6/1
Y1 - 2007/6/1
N2 - Type 1 IFNs (IFN-αβ) play pivotal roles in the host antiviral response and in TLR-induced signaling. IFN regulatory factor (IRF) and NF-κB transcription factors are thought to be crucial for virus-induced mRNA expression of IFN-β. Although recent studies have demonstrated essential roles for IRF3 and IRF7, the definitive role of NF-κB factors in IFN-β (or IFN-α) expression remains unknown. Using mice deicient in distinct members of the NF-κB family, we investigated NF-κB function in regulating type 1 IFN expression in response to Sendai viruis and Newcastle disease virus infection. Surprisingly, IFN-β and IFN-α expression was strongly induced following virus infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from p50-/-, RelA/p65-/-, cRel-/-, p50-/-cRel-/-, and p50-/-RelA-/- mice. Compared with wild-type MEFs, only RelA-/- and p50 -/-RelA-/- MEFs showed a modest reduction in IFN-β expression. To overcome functional redundancy between different NF-κB subunits, we expressed a dominant-negative IκBα protein in p50 -/-RelA-/- MEFs to inhibit activation of remaining NF-κB sublimits. Although viral infection of these cells failed to induce detectable NF-κB activity, both Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus infection led to robust IFN-β expression. Virus infection of dendritic cells or TLR9-ligand CpG-D19 treatment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from RelA-/- or p50-/-cRel-/- mice also induced robust type 1 IFN expression. Our findings therefore indicate that NF-κB subunits p50, RelA, and cRel play a relatively minor role in virus-induced type 1 IFN expression.
AB - Type 1 IFNs (IFN-αβ) play pivotal roles in the host antiviral response and in TLR-induced signaling. IFN regulatory factor (IRF) and NF-κB transcription factors are thought to be crucial for virus-induced mRNA expression of IFN-β. Although recent studies have demonstrated essential roles for IRF3 and IRF7, the definitive role of NF-κB factors in IFN-β (or IFN-α) expression remains unknown. Using mice deicient in distinct members of the NF-κB family, we investigated NF-κB function in regulating type 1 IFN expression in response to Sendai viruis and Newcastle disease virus infection. Surprisingly, IFN-β and IFN-α expression was strongly induced following virus infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from p50-/-, RelA/p65-/-, cRel-/-, p50-/-cRel-/-, and p50-/-RelA-/- mice. Compared with wild-type MEFs, only RelA-/- and p50 -/-RelA-/- MEFs showed a modest reduction in IFN-β expression. To overcome functional redundancy between different NF-κB subunits, we expressed a dominant-negative IκBα protein in p50 -/-RelA-/- MEFs to inhibit activation of remaining NF-κB sublimits. Although viral infection of these cells failed to induce detectable NF-κB activity, both Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus infection led to robust IFN-β expression. Virus infection of dendritic cells or TLR9-ligand CpG-D19 treatment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from RelA-/- or p50-/-cRel-/- mice also induced robust type 1 IFN expression. Our findings therefore indicate that NF-κB subunits p50, RelA, and cRel play a relatively minor role in virus-induced type 1 IFN expression.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34249822801&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.6770
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.6770
M3 - Article
C2 - 17513724
AN - SCOPUS:34249822801
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 178
SP - 6770
EP - 6776
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 11
ER -