Juxta-papillary duodenal diverticula are associated with pyogenic liver abscesses: a case control study

Uday Shankar, Priyanka Bhandari, Ankur Panchal, David Weeks, Helen Wu, Fufei Chen, Narinder Maheshwari, Raghav Bansal, Aaron Walfish, Joel Baum, Priya A. Jamidar, Joshua Aron

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Juxta-papillary duodenal diverticulum (JPDD) has been associated with obstructive jaundice and ascending cholangitis. Potential mechanisms include periampullary colonization of pathogenic bacteria and mechanical obstruction. However, the relation of JPDD with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has not been reported. Moreover, approximately one third of patients with PLA have no identifiable risk factors and are labelled as “cryptogenic”. We hypothesized that JPDD is an unidentified risk factor for cryptogenic PLA and the aim of this study was to examine this association. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to identify cases of PLA (n = 66) and compare those to matched controls (n = 66). 66 patients met the study inclusion criteria of a diagnosis of PLA using computerized tomography (CT) imaging and either positive culture or confirmed resolution after antibiotic therapy. Patients with diagnoses of amebic liver abscess, traumatic liver abscess, post cholecystectomy liver abscess, concurrent acute cholecystitis, and hepatobiliary malignancy were excluded. Controls were identified from a radiology database and matched one-to-one with the cases by age and sex. Demographic and clinical data was extracted from electronic medical records. CT scan images of all cases and controls were reviewed by a single expert radiologist to identify the presence of JPDD. Statistical tests including Chi-square and t-test with multiple logistic regression were used to examine the group differences in JPDD and other factors. Results: Among 132 study samples, 13.6% (9/66) of the cases were found to have JPDD, compared to 3.0% (2/66) among controls (p = 0.03). This corresponded to an odds ratio (OR) of 5.05 [OR 5.05; CI 1.05–24.4] on multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition, 1/3rd of PLA cases with JPDD had no other traditional risk factors (cryptogenic PLA). However, a statistically significant association of JPDD with cryptogenic PLA could not be established possibly because of a small number of cases. We found significantly high rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) (42.4%; n = 28/66) among cases compared to controls (21.2%; n = 14/66; p = 0.01). Conclusion: We found a significant association between JPDD and PLA. We need studies with larger sample sizes to confirm this relationship and to explore if JPDD could be related to cryptogenic liver abscesses.

Original languageEnglish
Article number52
JournalBMC Gastroenterology
Volume22
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2022

Keywords

  • Cryptogenic liver abscess
  • Juxta-papillary duodenal diverticulum
  • Pyogenic liver abscess

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