Isolation and characterization of insoluble collagen of dog hearts

A procedure for isolating insoluble heart collagen has been developed. The method involves the use of defined optimal conditions of sonication that yield no thermal denaturation of the triple-helical structure nor disruption of the primary structure of the collagen molecules; this is followed by extraction of isolates with nondenaturing agents. The amino acid residues of the isolates are then reacted with dansyl chloride to allow determination of amino-terminal residues and quantification of the collagen. The method has several advantages over existing procedures: (i) There is no other method available for isolation of undenatured insoluble heart collagen in almost pure form (consists of 96% of type I collagen) and in a good yield. Sonication of tissue at or below 4°C for a total of 120 s (15s sonication repeated 8 times at 120-s intervals) yielded insoluble collagen fibers with 90% yield and a 20-fold purification as determined by the increase in Hyp content of the isolates. Extraction of these isolates with 0.6 m KCl and 1 m Nacl at 4°C resulted in a 22-fold purification with 70% yield, while the classical extraction method with nondenaturing reagents yielded only 5-fold purification. (ii) There has been little study of the derivatization of an insoluble protein (collagen) with dansyl chloride. The Lys residues of collagen could be recovered as ε{lunate}-Dns-Lys in 84% yield from a reverse-phase C-18 column by high-performance liquid chromatography. This assay allows measurement of 0.1-100 nmol ε{lunate}-Dns-Lys. (iii) The method generates direct information concerning the quantity of collagen and its nature with respect to amino groups.