Is Psychiatric Depression a Presenting Neurologic Sign of Meningioma? A Critical Review of the Literature with Causative Etiology

Background: Benign meningiomas constitute 80%–90% of all meningiomas and represent the most common type of central nervous system tumor in adults. The vast majority of meningiomas are minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic early in their onset and thereby can often result in delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis of meningioma is critical, as it can maximize treatment options and improve outcomes and survival. Although seizures and focal neurologic deficits are considered to be the most prevalent symptoms, depression also may be an important and significant sign. A subtle neurologic depression may be an even early presenting sign of meningioma and may precede more traditional presenting symptoms. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review that analyzes the results of prospective studies and case reports on this topic. Results: Our findings show evidence to suggest that depression may be correlated with meningioma presentation. Its prevalence is possibly increased with an anterior location of the tumor. Conclusions: For patients who exhibit nuances of depression without a history of psychiatric illness, an index of suspicion for meningioma may be warranted.