@article{ce91ecb1d6b748508d395f6662b1fa93,
title = "Infant gut microbiome is enriched with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in Old Order Mennonites with traditional farming lifestyle",
abstract = "Background: Growing up on traditional, single-family farms is associated with protection against asthma in school age, but the mechanisms against early manifestations of atopic disease are largely unknown. We sought determine the gut microbiome and metabolome composition in rural Old Order Mennonite (OOM) infants at low risk and Rochester, NY urban/suburban infants at high risk for atopic diseases. Methods: In a cohort of 65 OOM and 39 Rochester mother-infant pairs, 101 infant stool and 61 human milk samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiome composition and qPCR to quantify Bifidobacterium spp. and B. longum ssp. infantis (B. infantis), a consumer of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed in 34 stool and human 24 milk samples. Diagnoses and symptoms of atopic diseases by 3 years of age were assessed by telephone. Results: At a median age of 2 months, stool was enriched with Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Aerococcaceae in the OOM compared with Rochester infants. B. infantis was more abundant (p <.001) and prevalent, detected in 70% of OOM compared with 21% of Rochester infants (p <.001). Stool colonized with B. infantis had higher levels of lactate and several medium- to long/odd-chain FAs. In contrast, paired human milk was enriched with a distinct set of FAs including butyrate. Atopic diseases were reported in 6.5% of OOM and 35% of Rochester children (p <.001). Conclusion: A high rate of B. infantis colonization, similar to that seen in developing countries, is found in the OOM at low risk for atopic diseases.",
keywords = "Bifidobacterium, allergy, farming lifestyle, human milk, microbiome",
author = "Seppo, {Antti E.} and Kevin Bu and Madina Jumabaeva and Juilee Thakar and Choudhury, {Rakin A.} and Chloe Yonemitsu and Lars Bode and Martina, {Camille A.} and Maria Allen and Sabrina Tamburini and Enrica Piras and Wallach, {David S.} and Looney, {R. John} and Clemente, {Jose C.} and J{\"a}rvinen, {Kirsi M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The project described was supported by Grant Number R21 TR002516 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant Number U01 AI131344 from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Founders' Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric Allergy, Pilot Award from University of Rochester Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Environmental Health Sciences Center Pilot Award. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We would like to thank Mary Ann Martin and the late Joyce Wade, CNM for their guidance and assistance in recruitment efforts within the Old Order Mennonite Community, and the participating families without whom this research would not be possible. Funding Information: The project described was supported by Grant Number R21 TR002516 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant Number U01 AI131344 from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Founders' Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric Allergy, Pilot Award from University of Rochester Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Environmental Health Sciences Center Pilot Award. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.",
year = "2021",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1111/all.14877",
language = "English",
volume = "76",
pages = "3489--3503",
journal = "Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
issn = "0105-4538",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "11",
}