@article{4fc9127460b6454d8f6947a1b353d5ad,
title = "Incidence of mild cognitive impairment in World Trade Center responders: Long-term consequences of re-experiencing the events on 9/11/2001",
abstract = "Objective: This study examined whether World Trade Center (WTC) exposures and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a longitudinal analysis of a prospective cohort study of WTC responders. Methods: Incidence of MCI was assessed in a clinical sample of WTC responders (N = 1800) who were cognitively intact at baseline assessment. Crude incidence rates were calculated and compared to population estimates using standardized incidence ratios. Multivariable analyses used Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results: Responders were 53.1 years old (SD = 7.9) at baseline. Among eligible cognitively intact responders, 255 (14.2%) developed MCI at follow-up. Incidence of MCI was higher than expected based on expectations from prior published research. Incidence was higher among those with increased PTSD symptom severity, and prolonged exposure was a risk factor in apolipoprotein-ε4 carriers. Conclusions: PTSD and prolonged WTC exposures were associated with increased incidence of MCI in WTC responders, results that may portend future high rates of dementia in WTC-exposed responders.",
keywords = "Mild cognitive impairment, Posttraumatic stress, World Trade Center disaster",
author = "Clouston, {Sean A.P.} and Diminich, {Erica D.} and Roman Kotov and Pietrzak, {Robert H.} and Marcus Richards and Avron Spiro and Yael Deri and Melissa Carr and Xiaohua Yang and Sam Gandy and Mary Sano and Bromet, {Evelyn J.} and Luft, {Benjamin J.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) who support World Trade Center clinical and monitoring efforts at Stony Brook University (CDC/NIOSH 200-2011-39361). The authors would also like to acknowledge support for aging research in this population (NIH/NIA R01 AG049953) and for funding to support brain aging research and treatment (NIH/NIA P50 AG005138). Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge support by a Senior Research Career Scientist Award from the US Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Science R&D Service. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) who support World Trade Center clinical and monitoring efforts at Stony Brook University (CDC/ NIOSH 200-2011-39361 ). The authors would also like to acknowledge support for aging research in this population ( NIH / NIA R01 AG049953 ) and for funding to support brain aging research and treatment ( NIH / NIA P50 AG005138 ). Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge support by a Senior Research Career Scientist Award from the US Department of Veterans Affairs , Clinical Science R&D Service . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/j.dadm.2019.07.006",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "628--636",
journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring",
issn = "2352-8729",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Inc.",
}