Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence patterns after robot-assisted radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium

Dharmesh Gopalakrishnan, Ahmed S. Elsayed, Ahmed A. Hussein, Zhe Jing, Qiang Li, Andrew A. Wagner, Ahmed Aboumohamed, Morgan Roupret, Derya Balbay, Carl Wijburg, Michael Stockle, Prokar Dasgupta, Muhammad Shamim Khan, Peter Wiklund, Abolfazl Hosseini, James Peabody, Katsumi Shigemura, Donald Trump, Khurshid A. Guru, Gurkamal Chatta

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence patterns in muscle-invasive bladder cancer after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Materials and methods: The International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer between 2002 and 2019. Survival outcomes, response rates, and recurrence patterns were compared between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not. Survival distributions were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analyses and compared using the log-rank test. Results: A total of 1370 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer were identified, of whom 353 (26%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 27 months, neoadjuvant chemotherapy recipients had higher 3-year overall survival (74% vs 57%; log-rank P < 0.01), 3-year cancer-specific survival (83% vs 73%; log-rank P = 0.03), and 3-year relapse-free survival (64% vs 48%; log-rank P < 0.01). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was a predictor of higher overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and relapse-free survival in univariate but not multivariate analysis. Pathological downstaging (46% vs 23%; P < 0.01), complete responses (24% vs 8%; P < 0.01), and margin negativity (95% vs 91%; P < 0.01) at robot-assisted radical cystectomy were more common in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy recipients had lower distant (15% vs 22%; P < 0.01) but similar locoregional (12% vs 13%; P = 0.93) recurrence rates. Conclusions: In this analysis from a large international database, patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before robot-assisted radical cystectomy had higher rates of survival, pathological downstaging, and margin-negative resections. They also experienced fewer distant recurrences.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)197-205
Number of pages9
JournalInternational Journal of Urology
Volume29
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • bladder cancer
  • chemotherapy
  • muscle-invasive
  • neoadjuvant
  • oncological outcomes
  • recurrence
  • recurrences
  • robot-assisted radical cystectomy
  • survival

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