Impact of 12-Month Angioscopic Thrombi and Yellow Plaque After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Background: Coronary angioscopy (CAS) has 2 unique abilities: direct visualization of thrombi and plaque color. However, in the recent drug-eluting stent (DES) era, serial CAS findings after DES implantation have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the impact of CAS findings after implantation of a polymer-free biolimus A9-coated stent (PF-BCS) or durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES). Methods and Results: We investigated serial CAS and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings at 1 and 12 months in 99 patients who underwent PF-BCS or DP-EES implantation. We evaluated factors correlated with angioscopic thrombi and yellow plaque, and the clinical impact of both thrombi and yellow plaque at 12 months (BTY). The BTY group included 17 (22%) patients. The incidence and grade of thrombi and yellow plaque decreased from 1 to 12 months. Although no patients had newly appearing thrombi at 12 months, 2 DP-EES patients had newly appearing yellow plaque at 12 months. Multivariable analysis revealed HbA1c, minimum stent area, and adequate strut coverage were significant factors correlated with 12-month angioscopic thrombi, and DP-EESs were significantly correlated with 12-month yellow plaque. However, BTY was not correlated with clinical events. Conclusions: The management of diabetes, stent area, and adequate stent coverage are important for intrastent thrombogenicity and polymer-free stents are useful for stabilizing plaque vulnerability.