Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the growth and drug-resistance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by secreting IL-6 and elevating IL-17A levels

Background: The drug-resistance and relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which are related to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have become increasingly common. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: CCK 8 assay, colony formation assay, and xenograft mouse model were used to investigate the effects of hBMSCs on DLBCL growth. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA were used to study the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17A. Flow cytometry was used to analyze Th17 cells and Treg cells expressions. Western blot analysis, microarray analysis, and bioinformatics analysis were used to analyze the pathways of IL-6 or IL-17A mediated DLBCL growth. Results: HBMSCs promoted DLBCL growth by secreting IL-6 in vitro and in vivo and simultaneously upregulating IL-17A in vitro. IL-6 and IL-17A synergistically promoted the growth and drug-resistance of DLBCL cells by protecting them from spontaneous or drug-induced apoptosis in vitro. IL-6 or IL-17A activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway or upregulated cyclin D2 via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in vitro, respectively. Conclusions: The present results indicated that hBMSCs might have a "dual effect" on promoting DLBCL progression and drug-resistance by secreting IL-6 and upregulating IL-17A. IL-6, IL-17A, p-STAT3, p-Akt or cyclin D2 may be potential molecular targets for overcoming drug-resistance in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL.