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Histidine Decarboxylase Deficiency Causes Tourette Syndrome: Parallel Findings in Humans and Mice

  • Lissandra Castellan Baldan
  • , Kyle A. Williams
  • , Jean Dominique Gallezot
  • , Vladimir Pogorelov
  • , Maximiliano Rapanelli
  • , Michael Crowley
  • , George M. Anderson
  • , Erin Loring
  • , Roxanne Gorczyca
  • , Eileen Billingslea
  • , Suzanne Wasylink
  • , Kaitlyn E. Panza
  • , A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
  • , Kuakarun Krusong
  • , Bennett L. Leventhal
  • , Hiroshi Ohtsu
  • , Michael H. Bloch
  • , ZoëA Hughes
  • , John H. Krystal
  • , Linda Mayes
  • Ivan deAraujo, Yu Shin Ding, Matthew W. State, Christopher Pittenger

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

206 Scopus citations

Abstract

Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by tics, sensorimotor gating deficiencies, and abnormalities of cortico-basal ganglia circuits. A mutation in histidine decarboxylase (Hdc), the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of histamine (HA), has been implicated as a rare genetic cause. Hdc knockout mice exhibited potentiated tic-like stereotypies, recapitulating core phenomenology of TS; these were mitigated by the dopamine (DA) D2 antagonist haloperidol, a proven pharmacotherapy, and by HA infusion into the brain. Prepulse inhibition was impaired in both mice and humans carrying Hdc mutations. HA infusion reduced striatal DA levels; in Hdc knockout mice, striatal DA was increased and the DA-regulated immediate early gene Fos was upregulated. DA D2/D3 receptor binding was altered both in mice and in humans carrying the Hdc mutation. These data confirm histidine decarboxylase deficiency as a rare cause of TS and identify HA-DA interactions in the basal ganglia as an important locus of pathology.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)77-90
Number of pages14
JournalNeuron
Volume81
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 8 Jan 2014
Externally publishedYes

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