Abstract
Aim: Conventional eyedropper-delivered volumes (25-50 μl) exceed the eye's usual tear-film volume (7 μl) and precorneal reservoir capacity, risking overflow and ocular/systemic complications. Piezoelectric high-precision microdosing may circumvent these limitations. Results & methodology: In this masked, nonrandomized, cross-over study, subjects (n = 12) underwent pupil dilation with topical phenylephrine (PE) administered by 32-μl eyedropper (2.5% or 10% formulation) and 8-μl electronic microdosing (10% formulation). Microdosing with PE-10% achieved comparable peak dilation as 10% eyedropper-delivery and superior dilation to 2.5% eyedropper-delivery (p = 0.009) at 75 min. Microdosing significantly reduced 20-min plasma PE levels versus PE10% eyedropper; neither treatment altered heart rate/blood pressure. Eye irritation occurred significantly less frequently with microdosing than PE10% eyedrops. Conclusion: Piezo-ejection PE microdosing achieves comparable biological effect as eyedropper dosing; reduced systemic absorption may decrease risk of systemic side effects.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 17-27 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Therapeutic Delivery |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2018 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- adverse events
- microdosing
- ocular drug delivery
- ocular medication
- phenylephrine
- piezo-ejection system
- pupil dilation
- systemic absorption