Hepatitis B: Epidemiology and natural history

Chronic infection with hepatitis B and its sequelae remains a major global health concern. Despite recommendations and implementation of vaccination programs, the health and economic burdens are still significant. People in endemic areas and immigrants from these areas need to be adequately screened and treated. HBeAgnegative chronic hepatitis is increasingly recognized with additional challenges in management. Programs implementing primary prophylaxis strategies such as vaccination of high-risk adult and adolescent groups should continue.