Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a symptom complex that refers to bleeding caused by an irritation of the bladder mucosa that can be of insidious or rapid onset. This chapter aims to describe the categorization and grading of HC as well as the various etiologies of HC, including infectious, chemical, and radiation-induced HC. Diagnostic criteria for HC are described, with specifications for each etiology of HC. Management options for HC are discussed, ranging from intravesical instillations and other traditional surgical techniques such as cystoscopy/fulguration to novel techniques such as embolization, GAG layer replenishment, fibrin glue, and viral-specific T-cells.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Interventional Urology, Second Edition |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 457-471 |
Number of pages | 15 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783030735654 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783030735647 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2021 |
Keywords
- BK virus
- Bone marrow transplant
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Embolization
- Hemorrhagic cystitis
- Hyperbaric oxygen
- Intravesical instillation
- Oxazophorine
- Radiation cystitis