TY - JOUR
T1 - Habitual consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and fish attenuates genetically associated long-term weight gain
AU - Huang, Tao
AU - Wang, Tiange
AU - Heianza, Yoriko
AU - Zheng, Yan
AU - Sun, Dianjianyi
AU - Kang, Jae H.
AU - Pasquale, Louis R.
AU - Rimm, Eric B.
AU - Manson, Jo Ann E.
AU - Hu, Frank B.
AU - Qi, Lu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - Background A growing amount of data suggests that n-3 (Ï ‰-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake may modify the genetic association with weight change. Objectives We aimed to prospectively test interactions of habitual consumption of n-3 PUFAs or fish, the major food source, with overall genetic susceptibility on long-term weight change. Design Gene-diet interactions were examined in 11,330 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), 6773 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), and 6254 women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Results In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, food-sourced long-chain n-3 PUFA intake showed directionally consistent interactions with genetic risk score on long-term changes in BMI (P-interaction = 0.01 in the HPFS, 0.15 in the NHS, and 0.01 in both cohorts combined). Such interactions were successfully replicated in the WHI, an independent cohort (P-interaction = 0.02 in the WHI and 0.01 in the combined 3 cohorts). The genetic associations with changes in BMI (in kg/m 2) consistently decreased (0.15, 0.10, 0.07, and-0.14 per 10 BMI-increasing alleles) across the quartiles of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the combined cohorts. In addition, high fish intake also attenuated the genetic associations with long-term changes in BMI in the HPFS (P-interaction = 0.01), NHS (P-interaction = 0.03), WHI (P-interaction = 0.10), and the combined cohorts (P-interaction = 0.01); and the differences in BMI changes per 10 BMI-increasing alleles were 0.16, 0.06,-0.08, and-0.18, respectively, across the categories (≤1, 1∼, 4∼6, and ≥7 servings/wk) of total fish intake. Similar interactions on body weight were observed for fish intake (P-interaction = 0.003) and long-chain n-3 PUFA intake (P-interaction = 0.12). Conclusion Our study provides replicable evidence to show that high intakes of fish and long-chain n-3 PUFAs are associated with an attenuation of the genetic association with long-term weight gain based on results from 3 prospective cohorts of Caucasians.
AB - Background A growing amount of data suggests that n-3 (Ï ‰-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake may modify the genetic association with weight change. Objectives We aimed to prospectively test interactions of habitual consumption of n-3 PUFAs or fish, the major food source, with overall genetic susceptibility on long-term weight change. Design Gene-diet interactions were examined in 11,330 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), 6773 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), and 6254 women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Results In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, food-sourced long-chain n-3 PUFA intake showed directionally consistent interactions with genetic risk score on long-term changes in BMI (P-interaction = 0.01 in the HPFS, 0.15 in the NHS, and 0.01 in both cohorts combined). Such interactions were successfully replicated in the WHI, an independent cohort (P-interaction = 0.02 in the WHI and 0.01 in the combined 3 cohorts). The genetic associations with changes in BMI (in kg/m 2) consistently decreased (0.15, 0.10, 0.07, and-0.14 per 10 BMI-increasing alleles) across the quartiles of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the combined cohorts. In addition, high fish intake also attenuated the genetic associations with long-term changes in BMI in the HPFS (P-interaction = 0.01), NHS (P-interaction = 0.03), WHI (P-interaction = 0.10), and the combined cohorts (P-interaction = 0.01); and the differences in BMI changes per 10 BMI-increasing alleles were 0.16, 0.06,-0.08, and-0.18, respectively, across the categories (≤1, 1∼, 4∼6, and ≥7 servings/wk) of total fish intake. Similar interactions on body weight were observed for fish intake (P-interaction = 0.003) and long-chain n-3 PUFA intake (P-interaction = 0.12). Conclusion Our study provides replicable evidence to show that high intakes of fish and long-chain n-3 PUFAs are associated with an attenuation of the genetic association with long-term weight gain based on results from 3 prospective cohorts of Caucasians.
KW - fish
KW - gene-diet interaction
KW - genetic association
KW - n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
KW - weight gain
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062617280&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy238
DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqy238
M3 - Article
C2 - 30629107
AN - SCOPUS:85062617280
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 109
SP - 665
EP - 673
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 3
ER -