TY - JOUR
T1 - Glioma grade is associated with the accumulation and activity of cells bearing M2 monocyte markers
AU - Prosniak, Michael
AU - Harshyne, Larry A.
AU - Andrews, David W.
AU - Kenyon, Lawrence C.
AU - Bedelbaeva, Kamila
AU - Apanasovich, Tatiyana V.
AU - Heber-Katz, Ellen
AU - Curtis, Mark T.
AU - Cotzia, Paolo
AU - Hooper, D. Craig
PY - 2013/7/15
Y1 - 2013/7/15
N2 - Purpose: This study is directed at identifying the cell source(s) of immunomodulatory cytokines in highgrade gliomas and establishing whether the analysis of associated markers has implications for tumor grading. Experimental Design: Glioma specimens classified asWHOgrade II-IV by histopathology were assessed by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry to identify the cells producing interleukin (IL)-10, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and factor secretion in culture. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and mixture discriminant analysis (MDA) were used to investigate associations between expressed genes and glioma grade. Results: The principle source of glioma-associated IL-10 is a cell type that bears phenotype markers consistent with M2 monocytes but does not express all M2-associated genes. Measures of expression of the M2 cell markers CD14, CD68, CD163, and CD204, which are elevated in high-grade gliomas, and the neutrophil/myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC) subset marker CD15,which is reduced, provide the best index of glioma grade. Conclusions: Grade II and IV astrocytomas can be clearly differentiated on the basis of the expression of certain M2 markers in tumor tissues, whereas grade III astrocytomas exhibit a range of expression between the lower and higher grade specimens. The content of CD163+ cells distinguishes grade III astrocytoma subsets with different prognosis.
AB - Purpose: This study is directed at identifying the cell source(s) of immunomodulatory cytokines in highgrade gliomas and establishing whether the analysis of associated markers has implications for tumor grading. Experimental Design: Glioma specimens classified asWHOgrade II-IV by histopathology were assessed by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry to identify the cells producing interleukin (IL)-10, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and factor secretion in culture. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and mixture discriminant analysis (MDA) were used to investigate associations between expressed genes and glioma grade. Results: The principle source of glioma-associated IL-10 is a cell type that bears phenotype markers consistent with M2 monocytes but does not express all M2-associated genes. Measures of expression of the M2 cell markers CD14, CD68, CD163, and CD204, which are elevated in high-grade gliomas, and the neutrophil/myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC) subset marker CD15,which is reduced, provide the best index of glioma grade. Conclusions: Grade II and IV astrocytomas can be clearly differentiated on the basis of the expression of certain M2 markers in tumor tissues, whereas grade III astrocytomas exhibit a range of expression between the lower and higher grade specimens. The content of CD163+ cells distinguishes grade III astrocytoma subsets with different prognosis.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84881151730&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1940
DO - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1940
M3 - Article
C2 - 23741072
AN - SCOPUS:84881151730
SN - 1078-0432
VL - 19
SP - 3776
EP - 3786
JO - Clinical Cancer Research
JF - Clinical Cancer Research
IS - 14
ER -