GGNBP2 regulates MDA5 sensing triggered by self double-stranded RNA following loss of ADAR1 editing

Jacki E. Heraud-Farlow, Scott R. Taylor, Alistair M. Chalk, Adriana Escudero, Shi Bin Hu, Ankita Goradia, Tao Sun, Qin Li, Iva Nikolic, Jin Billy Li, Miguel Fidalgo, Diana Guallar, Kaylene J. Simpson, Carl R. Walkley

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Adenosine-to- inosine (A-to- I) editing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by ADAR1 is an essential modifier of the immunogenicity of cellular dsRNA. The role of MDA5 in sensing unedited cellular dsRNA and the downstream activation of type I interferon (IFN) signaling are well established. However, we have an incomplete understanding of pathways that modify the response to unedited dsRNA. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen and showed that GGNBP2, CNOT10, and CNOT11 interact and regulate sensing of unedited cellular dsRNA. We found that GGNBP2 acts between dsRNA transcription and its cytoplasmic sensing by MDA5. GGNBP2 loss prevented induction of type I IFN and autoinflammation after the loss of ADAR1 editing activity by modifying the subcellular distribution of endogenous A-to- I editing substrates and reducing cytoplasmic dsRNA load. These findings reveal previously undescribed pathways to modify diseases associated with ADAR mutations and may be determinants of response or resistance to small-molecule ADAR1 inhibitors.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbereadk0412
JournalScience immunology
Volume9
Issue number101
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 Nov 2024
Externally publishedYes

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