Gastrointestinal tract lymphomas a review of the most commonly encountered lymphomas

Context.—The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 20% to 40% of all extranodal lymphomas. The majority of these are systemic processes secondarily involving the GI tract. Primary GI lymphomas are less common, accounting for approximately 10% to 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas involving the GI tract are of B-cell lineage, of which diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype, irrespective of location. Objective.—To review the lymphoproliferative neoplasms of B-cell and T-cell lineage involving the luminal GI tract according to the most prevalent subtypes at each anatomic site. Data Source.—Systematic search of the PubMed database for updated literature on GI lymphoma epidemiology, subtypes, clinical, endoscopic, and genetic findings. Histologic images are derived from our collection of clinical cases. Conclusions.—The GI tract is the most common site of extranodal lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Recognition of the most frequently encountered GI lymphomas is imperative for patient management and treatment.