TY - JOUR
T1 - Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis
T2 - An updated review
AU - Nassar, Mahmoud
AU - Ghernautan, Victoria
AU - Nso, Nso
AU - Nyabera, Akwe
AU - Castillo, Francisco Cuevas
AU - Tu, Wan
AU - Medina, Luis
AU - Ciobanu, Camelia
AU - Alfishawy, Mostafa
AU - Rizzo, Vincent
AU - Eskaros, Saphwat
AU - Mahdi, Mamdouh
AU - Khalifa, Mohamed
AU - El-Kassas, Mohamed
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/11/11
Y1 - 2022/11/11
N2 - The gastrointestinal tract (GI) is the second most affected organ system in individuals suffering from systemic/localized scleroderma (SSc) or localized scleroderma. SSc can affect any part of the GI, between the oral cavity and anorectum. The annual incidence of SSc in the United States is estimated to be 19.3 cases per million adults, with the highest incidence reported in people aged 44 to 55. Females are 5 times more likely than males to suffer from SSc. Morbidity and mortality rates associated with SSc are predominantly elevated among patients with GI manifestations. Esophageal and intestinal manifestations impact 90% and 40% to 70% of patients with systemic scleroderma, respectively. SSc patients are known to suffer from small bowel hypomotility and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which cause malabsorption and malnutrition, ultimately contributing to the 50% mortality rate. Fecal incontinence is a common symptom of SSc that can lead to depression. SSc patients may suffer from gastrointestinal complications that can negatively impact their quality of life on a daily basis. Multidisciplinary approaches are necessary for systematically managing gastrointestinal complications associated with SSc. A prospective study should focus on developing targeted therapies to improve recovery patterns and prognosis in cases of SSc. This article summarizes the epidemiology, commonly reported clinical manifestations, complications, and available treatments for treating GI pathology in SSc patients.
AB - The gastrointestinal tract (GI) is the second most affected organ system in individuals suffering from systemic/localized scleroderma (SSc) or localized scleroderma. SSc can affect any part of the GI, between the oral cavity and anorectum. The annual incidence of SSc in the United States is estimated to be 19.3 cases per million adults, with the highest incidence reported in people aged 44 to 55. Females are 5 times more likely than males to suffer from SSc. Morbidity and mortality rates associated with SSc are predominantly elevated among patients with GI manifestations. Esophageal and intestinal manifestations impact 90% and 40% to 70% of patients with systemic scleroderma, respectively. SSc patients are known to suffer from small bowel hypomotility and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which cause malabsorption and malnutrition, ultimately contributing to the 50% mortality rate. Fecal incontinence is a common symptom of SSc that can lead to depression. SSc patients may suffer from gastrointestinal complications that can negatively impact their quality of life on a daily basis. Multidisciplinary approaches are necessary for systematically managing gastrointestinal complications associated with SSc. A prospective study should focus on developing targeted therapies to improve recovery patterns and prognosis in cases of SSc. This article summarizes the epidemiology, commonly reported clinical manifestations, complications, and available treatments for treating GI pathology in SSc patients.
KW - gastrointestinal
KW - scleroderma
KW - systemic sclerosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142137510&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MD.0000000000031780
DO - 10.1097/MD.0000000000031780
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36397401
AN - SCOPUS:85142137510
SN - 0025-7974
VL - 101
SP - E31780
JO - Medicine (United States)
JF - Medicine (United States)
IS - 45
ER -