TY - JOUR
T1 - From bench to bedside
T2 - How the tumor microenvironment is impacting the future of immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma
AU - Anker, Jonathan
AU - Miller, Justin
AU - Taylor, Nicole
AU - Kyprianou, Natasha
AU - Tsao, Che Kai
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for many cancer types. The treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has especially evolved in recent years, from cytokine-based immunotherapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although clinical benefit from immunotherapy is limited to a subset of patients, many combination-based approaches have led to improved outcomes. The success of such approaches is a direct result of the tumor immunology knowledge accrued regarding the RCC microenvironment, which, while highly immunogenic, demonstrates many unique characteristics. Ongoing translational work has elucidated some of the mechanisms of response, as well as primary and secondary resistance, to immunotherapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the RCC immunophenotype with a specific focus on how preclinical and clinical data are shaping the future of immunotherapy.
AB - Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for many cancer types. The treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has especially evolved in recent years, from cytokine-based immunotherapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although clinical benefit from immunotherapy is limited to a subset of patients, many combination-based approaches have led to improved outcomes. The success of such approaches is a direct result of the tumor immunology knowledge accrued regarding the RCC microenvironment, which, while highly immunogenic, demonstrates many unique characteristics. Ongoing translational work has elucidated some of the mechanisms of response, as well as primary and secondary resistance, to immunotherapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the RCC immunophenotype with a specific focus on how preclinical and clinical data are shaping the future of immunotherapy.
KW - Immunology
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Renal cell carcinoma
KW - Tumor microenvironment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119267868&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cells10113231
DO - 10.3390/cells10113231
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34831452
AN - SCOPUS:85119267868
SN - 2073-4409
VL - 10
JO - Cells
JF - Cells
IS - 11
M1 - 3231
ER -