Factors Affecting Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care Physician Practices in Ukraine

PURPOSE This study aims to identify the factors influencing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening practices, along with the barriers and facilitators from the perspective of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Ukraine. Considering health care system challenges, including those posed by the ongoing war, this research seeks to inform improvements in CRC screening and outcomes in Ukraine and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS A survey was designed and distributed electronically to Ukrainian PCPs, focusing on CRC screening practices, beliefs, and barriers. The survey incorporated questions adapted from established cancer screening surveys and frameworks. Complete responses were collected from 740 PCPs. Sample statistics were computed, and population-level perceptions and associations with CRC screening practices were estimated by standardizing responses to national PCP demographics. RESULTS The majority of respondents were women (91%) and specialized in family medicine (84%). Respondents believed in the effectiveness of colonoscopy for reducing CRC mortality (80%), with 75% of PCPs referring patients for this screening modality. Major barriers identified include inadequate training of PCPs in screening and lack of resources. Respondents reported high utilization of fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy for screening when these tests were said to be available in their practices. Self-reported familiarity with CRC screening guidelines and participation in educational workshops were positively associated with screening referrals. CONCLUSION The study highlights the role of access to CRC screening tests and awareness of screening guidelines in enhancing CRC screening practices among Ukrainian PCPs. Addressing training and resource barriers, alongside public health interventions targeting patient-related barriers, is essential. These findings offer valuable insights for LMICs facing similar challenges, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to improve cancer screening in these health care settings.