TY - JOUR
T1 - Extrapyramidal signs and Alzheimer's disease prognosis in a multiethnic, community-based sample of demented elders
AU - Kociolek, Anton J.
AU - Fernandez, Kayri K.
AU - Jin, Zhezhen
AU - Cosentino, Stephanie
AU - Zhu, Carolyn W.
AU - Gu, Yian
AU - Stern, Yaakov
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the participants of the Predictors 3 study and their caregivers. The authors wish to thank the National Institute on Aging for funding this research (grant number R01 AG007370, PI Dr Stern).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 the Alzheimer's Association
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Introduction: Extrapyramidal signs (EPS) are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease associated with worse outcomes in observational studies of dementia. Less research has been conducted on ethnic minority and non-clinic-based populations. Methods: One hundred and forty-two multiethnic community-dwelling participants with dementia were selected. Adjusted Cox models were fitted for mortality, cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination ≤10), functional (Blessed Dementia Rating Scale ≥10), and dependency (needs full-time care) endpoints with baseline EPS as predictor. Results: Thirty-seven participants (26.06%) had EPS at baseline. EPS predicted more rapid time to death (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49, 5.42), and functional endpoint (HR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.75, 8.62) but not cognitive and dependency endpoints. No evidence of interaction by ethnicity, age, sex, education, or apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphism was found. Discussion: Our results partially confirm previous studies on predominantly White, clinic-based samples. Further research is needed to better understand the etiological role of EPS in AD.
AB - Introduction: Extrapyramidal signs (EPS) are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease associated with worse outcomes in observational studies of dementia. Less research has been conducted on ethnic minority and non-clinic-based populations. Methods: One hundred and forty-two multiethnic community-dwelling participants with dementia were selected. Adjusted Cox models were fitted for mortality, cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination ≤10), functional (Blessed Dementia Rating Scale ≥10), and dependency (needs full-time care) endpoints with baseline EPS as predictor. Results: Thirty-seven participants (26.06%) had EPS at baseline. EPS predicted more rapid time to death (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49, 5.42), and functional endpoint (HR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.75, 8.62) but not cognitive and dependency endpoints. No evidence of interaction by ethnicity, age, sex, education, or apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphism was found. Discussion: Our results partially confirm previous studies on predominantly White, clinic-based samples. Further research is needed to better understand the etiological role of EPS in AD.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - cognitive impairment
KW - dementia
KW - dependency
KW - extrapyramidal signs
KW - functional impairment
KW - survival analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102571036&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/alz.12309
DO - 10.1002/alz.12309
M3 - Article
C2 - 33710771
AN - SCOPUS:85102571036
SN - 1552-5260
VL - 17
SP - 1465
EP - 1473
JO - Alzheimer's and Dementia
JF - Alzheimer's and Dementia
IS - 9
ER -