Experimental utility of rabies virus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies in post-exposure prophylaxis

Rabies immune globulin (RIG) is essential for post-exposure prophylaxis but is expensive and not widely available. Rabies virus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were evaluated in vitro and in a Syrian hamster model as a potential future alternative. Seven Mabs neutralized representative rabies virus variants. However, a European bat lyssavirus was not neutralized by either Mabs or RIG. Moreover, Duvenhage virus was neutralized by RIG, but not by Mabs, and Lagos bat and Mokola viruses were neutralized by one Mab but not by RIG. In hamsters, one Mab resulted in protection that was comparable to human RIG. These results suggest that Mabs may provide a promising alternative to RIG.