TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced Choice for Viewing Cocaine Pictures in Cocaine Addiction
AU - Moeller, Scott J.
AU - Maloney, Thomas
AU - Parvaz, Muhammad A.
AU - Dunning, Jonathan P.
AU - Alia-Klein, Nelly
AU - Woicik, Patricia A.
AU - Hajcak, Greg
AU - Telang, Frank
AU - Wang, Gene Jack
AU - Volkow, Nora D.
AU - Goldstein, Rita Z.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (to RZG, Grant Nos. 1R01DA023579 and R21DA02062) and General Clinical Research Center (5-MO1-RR-10710).
Funding Information:
Notice: this manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-98CHI-886 with the United States Department of Energy. The U.S. government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript or allow others to do so, for U.S. government purposes.
PY - 2009/7/15
Y1 - 2009/7/15
N2 - Background: Individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) chose cocaine over nondrug rewards. In two newly designed laboratory tasks with pictures, we document this modified choice outside of a cocaine administration paradigm. Methods: Choice for viewing cocaine, pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral pictures-under explicit contingencies (choice made between two fully visible side-by-side images) and under more implicit contingencies (selections made between pictures hidden under flipped-over cards)-was examined in 20 CUD and 20 matched healthy control subjects. Subjects also provided self-reported ratings of each picture's pleasantness and arousal. Results: Under both contingencies, CUD subjects chose to view more cocaine pictures than control subjects, group differences that were not fully explained by the self-reported picture ratings. Furthermore, whereas CUD subjects' choice for viewing cocaine pictures exceeded choice for viewing unpleasant pictures (but did not exceed choice for viewing pleasant pictures, in contrast to their self-reported ratings), healthy control subjects avoided viewing cocaine pictures as frequently as, or even more than, unpleasant pictures. Finally, CUD subjects with the most cocaine viewing selections, even when directly compared with selections of the pleasant pictures, also reported the most frequent recent cocaine use. Conclusions: Enhanced drug-related choice in cocaine addiction can be demonstrated even for nonpharmacologic (pictorial) stimuli. This choice, which is modulated by alternative stimuli, partly transcends self-reports (possibly indicative of a disconnect in cocaine addiction between self-reports and objective behavior) to provide an objective marker of addiction severity. Neuroimaging studies are needed to establish the neural underpinnings of such enhanced cocaine-related choice.
AB - Background: Individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) chose cocaine over nondrug rewards. In two newly designed laboratory tasks with pictures, we document this modified choice outside of a cocaine administration paradigm. Methods: Choice for viewing cocaine, pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral pictures-under explicit contingencies (choice made between two fully visible side-by-side images) and under more implicit contingencies (selections made between pictures hidden under flipped-over cards)-was examined in 20 CUD and 20 matched healthy control subjects. Subjects also provided self-reported ratings of each picture's pleasantness and arousal. Results: Under both contingencies, CUD subjects chose to view more cocaine pictures than control subjects, group differences that were not fully explained by the self-reported picture ratings. Furthermore, whereas CUD subjects' choice for viewing cocaine pictures exceeded choice for viewing unpleasant pictures (but did not exceed choice for viewing pleasant pictures, in contrast to their self-reported ratings), healthy control subjects avoided viewing cocaine pictures as frequently as, or even more than, unpleasant pictures. Finally, CUD subjects with the most cocaine viewing selections, even when directly compared with selections of the pleasant pictures, also reported the most frequent recent cocaine use. Conclusions: Enhanced drug-related choice in cocaine addiction can be demonstrated even for nonpharmacologic (pictorial) stimuli. This choice, which is modulated by alternative stimuli, partly transcends self-reports (possibly indicative of a disconnect in cocaine addiction between self-reports and objective behavior) to provide an objective marker of addiction severity. Neuroimaging studies are needed to establish the neural underpinnings of such enhanced cocaine-related choice.
KW - Choice behavior
KW - IAPS pictures reward
KW - cocaine addiction
KW - craving
KW - neuropsychology
KW - salience
KW - unconscious motivation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/67449108406
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.015
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.015
M3 - Article
C2 - 19358975
AN - SCOPUS:67449108406
SN - 0006-3223
VL - 66
SP - 169
EP - 176
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
IS - 2
ER -