Engineered artificial MicroRNA in plant: an overview

The recent discovery of endogenous small RNAs contains micoRNAs playing a major role into the posttranscription levels and given negatively regulation characteristics for expression of genes. Many studies are explored for nonmodel plant study with the help of the next generation sequencing along with the advanced bioinformatics. There is substantial increment into the identification of new MicroRNAs and most of them are vital for biological as well as metabolic processes. These impact and contribution of them are used as unique strategy for improvement of plant functions with the help advancement of technology such as artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs). The amiRNAs are explored for the promotion of the gene silencing on the same platform such as naturally acting miRNAs. A gene of interest with concerned sequence targeting is used inside the pre-miRNA stem loop for the designing of amiRNAs. The replacement of mature miRNA sequence by the new one induces promising molecules into the silencing approaches for plant benefits and improvisation. The gene knockdown into the plants is executed by the amiRNAs and theys have minimal exposure into the animal cells. This review summarizes amiRNAs requirement, design along with computational tools implemented for identification of the pant miRNAs. It also contains overview of target such as miRDB, miRbase, and TarBase along with PMRD. The miRNAs depending biotechnological tools for plant tolerance benefaction is also discussed. The evolution of the plant miRNA annotation methods along with criteria are reviewed in this chapter.