@article{d16fa9ef68ff422288763c1a9376cb56,
title = "Emotional and stigma-related experiences relative to being told one is at risk for psychosis",
abstract = "Objective: Despite the appeal of early intervention in psychosis, there is concern that identifying youth as having high psychosis risk (PR) may trigger stigma. This study employed a pre-post design to measure change in PR participants' emotions about PR upon being told of their PR status and according to whether this was the first time receiving this information. Methods: Participants (n = 54) identified as at PR via structured interview rated their emotions about PR before and after being told they were at PR. Qualitative analyses explored the valence of participant reflections on being given this information. Results: Participants reported significantly less negative emotion after being told of their PR status (p < .001), regardless of whether they were hearing this for the first time (p = .72). There was no change in positive emotions or the predominant belief that they should keep their PR status private. Most participants commented positively about the process of feedback but negatively about its impact on their self-perceptions and/or expectations of others' perceptions of them. Conclusion: This is the first study to collect pre-post data related to being told one is at PR and to examine quantitative and qualitative responses across and within individuals. For a majority of participants, clinical feedback stimulated negative stereotypes even as it relieved some distress. To actively address internalized stigma, clinicians providing feedback to PR youth must attend to the positive and negative impacts on how youth think about themselves as well as how they feel.",
keywords = "Clinical high risk, Feedback, Labeling, Pre-post, Prodrome",
author = "Woodberry, {Kristen A.} and Powers, {Kate S.} and Caitlin Bryant and Donna Downing and Verdi, {Mary B.} and Elacqua, {Katherine M.} and Reuman, {Audrey R.L.} and Leda Kennedy and Shapiro, {Daniel I.} and West, {Michelle L.} and Debbie Huang and Crump, {Francesca M.} and Grivel, {Margaux M.} and Drew Blasco and Herrera, {Shaynna N.} and Corcoran, {Cheryl M.} and Seidman, {Larry J.} and Link, {Bruce G.} and McFarlane, {William R.} and Yang, {Lawrence H.}",
note = "Funding Information: We are particularly grateful to Larry Seidman for his pivotal leadership on this project. Although he passed away before the completion of these analyses, his thinking and care were embedded in this study's design and implementation. Thank you to Megan Lilly, Janine Rodenhiser-Hill, Michelle Friedman-Yakoobian, Anna Cloutier, Lynda Tucker, and Elizabeth Bernier for their efforts in the collection and management of study data and final preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful to Michael Kohut for his consultation on qualitative analyses. We would like to acknowledge our NIMH program officer, Dr. Friedman-Hill, for her support. Finally, we are most grateful to all of the participants who shared their experiences, thoughts and feelings with us. The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: National Institutes of Health (R01 MH096027 to LHY, R21 HG010420 to LHY, R01 MH107558 to CMC, R21 MH116240 to KAW, K23 MH102358 to KAW). No funding source played a role in the specific design, collection, analysis or interpretation of these data, the writing of this manuscript, or the decision to submit this report for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.017",
language = "English",
volume = "238",
pages = "44--51",
journal = "Schizophrenia Research",
issn = "0920-9964",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}