TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Type on Serum Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators and Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Markers
AU - Meng, Huicui
AU - Matthan, Nirupa R.
AU - Fried, Susan K.
AU - Berciano, Silvia
AU - Walker, Maura E.
AU - Galluccio, Jean M.
AU - Lichtenstein, Alice H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial Support: This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (agreement no. 58-1950-4-401) to A.H.L., the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health (grant no. NHLBI T32-HL069772) to A.H.L., and pilot funds from the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Boston Obesity Research Center to A.H.L. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Endocrine Society.
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Context and Objective: Direct comparisons between types of dietary carbohydrate in terms of cardiometabolic risk indicators are limited. This study was designed to compare the effects of an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, and unrefined carbohydrates on serum cardiometabolic risk indicators, adipose tissue inflammatory markers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractional cholesterol efflux. Design, Participants, and Measures: Participants [postmenopausal women and men (N = 11), 65 6 8 years, body mass index 29.8 6 3.2 kg/m2, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥2.6 mmol/L] were provided with diets (60% energy from total carbohydrate, 15% from protein, 25% from fat) for 4.5 weeks in a randomized crossover design, with 2-week washout periods. The variable component was an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydratecontaining foods. Serum lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory marker concentrations were measured. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was aspirated to assess macrophage and inflammatory marker gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, and PBMCs were isolated to assess ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux. Results: Fasting serum LDL and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were higher after the refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrateenriched diets (P < 0.01). Other serum measures, ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux and adipose tissue gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, were similar between diets. Conclusions: Diets enriched in refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrate resulted in higher fasting serum LDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations but had little effect on other cardiometabolic risk indicators. This small study raises the intriguing possibility that refined carbohydrate may have unique adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk indicators distinct from simple and unrefined carbohydrate.
AB - Context and Objective: Direct comparisons between types of dietary carbohydrate in terms of cardiometabolic risk indicators are limited. This study was designed to compare the effects of an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, and unrefined carbohydrates on serum cardiometabolic risk indicators, adipose tissue inflammatory markers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractional cholesterol efflux. Design, Participants, and Measures: Participants [postmenopausal women and men (N = 11), 65 6 8 years, body mass index 29.8 6 3.2 kg/m2, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥2.6 mmol/L] were provided with diets (60% energy from total carbohydrate, 15% from protein, 25% from fat) for 4.5 weeks in a randomized crossover design, with 2-week washout periods. The variable component was an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydratecontaining foods. Serum lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory marker concentrations were measured. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was aspirated to assess macrophage and inflammatory marker gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, and PBMCs were isolated to assess ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux. Results: Fasting serum LDL and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were higher after the refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrateenriched diets (P < 0.01). Other serum measures, ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux and adipose tissue gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, were similar between diets. Conclusions: Diets enriched in refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrate resulted in higher fasting serum LDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations but had little effect on other cardiometabolic risk indicators. This small study raises the intriguing possibility that refined carbohydrate may have unique adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk indicators distinct from simple and unrefined carbohydrate.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054137338&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1210/jc.2018-00667
DO - 10.1210/jc.2018-00667
M3 - Article
C2 - 29982704
AN - SCOPUS:85054137338
VL - 103
SP - 3430
EP - 3438
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 9
ER -