@article{8a13439952a94cdf88e162f86589fef1,
title = "EDSS 0 is not normal: Multiple sclerosis disease burden below the clinical threshold",
abstract = "Little to no above-threshold deficits may be evident in early multiple sclerosis (MS). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a standard measure of neurologic function, with an EDSS score of 0 defined as “neurologically normal.” The topographical model of MS proposes that sub-threshold disease is compensated for by functional reserve. In this short report, we found that physically high-challenge measures of balance and upper extremity coordination reveal sub-threshold deficits in patients with EDSS score of 0 compared with healthy controls. Challenge task performance was correlated with imaging markers of both lesional burden of disease and a volumetric measure of brain reserve.",
keywords = "EDSS, Multiple sclerosis, disease course, topographical model",
author = "Krieger, {Stephen C.} and Ali Antoine and Sumowski, {James F.}",
note = "Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Dr Krieger reports consulting or advisory work with Biogen, EMD Serono, Genentech, Novartis, Octave, Genzyme/Sanofi, and TG Therapeutics and non-promotional speaking with Biogen, EMD Serono, and Genentech. Grant and research support was received from Biogen, BMS, Novartis, and Sanofi. Drs Antoine and Sumowski have nothing to disclose. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was funded by NIH R01 HD082176, to Dr Sumowski Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2022.",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1177/13524585221108297",
language = "English",
volume = "28",
pages = "2299--2303",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis Journal",
issn = "1352-4585",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "14",
}