TY - JOUR
T1 - Drug-induced bilateral secondary angle-closure glaucoma
T2 - A literature synthesis
AU - Murphy, Rory M.
AU - Bakir, Belal
AU - O'Brien, Colm
AU - Wiggs, Janey L.
AU - Pasquale, Louis R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/1/28
Y1 - 2016/1/28
N2 - Purpose: We performed a literature synthesis to identify the full spectrum of compounds implicated in drug-induced, bilateral secondary angle-closure glaucoma (21 ACG). Methods: Systematic PubMed literature review identified relevant bilateral 2 ACG case reports. We evaluated these reports with both the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale to assess the causality of reported drug reactions and a 2 ACG scale scoring system we developed to determine the likelihood that the event represented bilateral 2 ACG. Two independent graders performed these analyses and their scores were averaged for interpretation. The Naranjo scale ranges from -4 to +13 and the drug reaction was considered definite if the score was ≥9, probable if 5 to 8, possible if 1 to 4, and doubtful if ≤0. The 2 ACG score ranges from 0 to 7. We considered a 2 ACG score of ≥4 as evidence of significant likelihood that the drug reaction represented bilateral 2 ACG. Results: No drug had a definite Naranjo score, but the following drug entities had probable Naranjo scores and 2 ACG scores ≥4: acetazolamide, "anorexiant mix," bupropion, cabergoline, "ecstasy," escitalopram, flavoxate, flucloxacillin, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide/ triamterene, mefenamic acid, methazolamide, oseltamivir, topiramate, topiramate/bactrim, and venlafaxine. Root chemical analysis revealed that sulfur-containing and non-sulfur-containing compounds contributed to bilateral 2 ACG. Conclusions: Several compound preparations were implicated in drug-induced bilateral 2 ACG. Treating physicians should be aware that some forms of recreational drug use, which the patient may not admit to, could contribute to this vision-threatening side effect.
AB - Purpose: We performed a literature synthesis to identify the full spectrum of compounds implicated in drug-induced, bilateral secondary angle-closure glaucoma (21 ACG). Methods: Systematic PubMed literature review identified relevant bilateral 2 ACG case reports. We evaluated these reports with both the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale to assess the causality of reported drug reactions and a 2 ACG scale scoring system we developed to determine the likelihood that the event represented bilateral 2 ACG. Two independent graders performed these analyses and their scores were averaged for interpretation. The Naranjo scale ranges from -4 to +13 and the drug reaction was considered definite if the score was ≥9, probable if 5 to 8, possible if 1 to 4, and doubtful if ≤0. The 2 ACG score ranges from 0 to 7. We considered a 2 ACG score of ≥4 as evidence of significant likelihood that the drug reaction represented bilateral 2 ACG. Results: No drug had a definite Naranjo score, but the following drug entities had probable Naranjo scores and 2 ACG scores ≥4: acetazolamide, "anorexiant mix," bupropion, cabergoline, "ecstasy," escitalopram, flavoxate, flucloxacillin, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide/ triamterene, mefenamic acid, methazolamide, oseltamivir, topiramate, topiramate/bactrim, and venlafaxine. Root chemical analysis revealed that sulfur-containing and non-sulfur-containing compounds contributed to bilateral 2 ACG. Conclusions: Several compound preparations were implicated in drug-induced bilateral 2 ACG. Treating physicians should be aware that some forms of recreational drug use, which the patient may not admit to, could contribute to this vision-threatening side effect.
KW - Causative drugs
KW - Drug-induced secondary angle-closure glaucoma
KW - Naranjo scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84957614355&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000270
DO - 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000270
M3 - Article
C2 - 25943730
AN - SCOPUS:84957614355
SN - 1057-0829
VL - 25
SP - e99-e105
JO - Journal of Glaucoma
JF - Journal of Glaucoma
IS - 2
ER -