TY - JOUR
T1 - Dose-response relationship between World Trade Center dust exposure and hepatic steatosis
AU - Jirapatnakul, Artit
AU - Yip, Rowena
AU - Branch, Andrea D.
AU - Lewis, Sara
AU - Crane, Michael
AU - Yankelevitz, David F.
AU - Henschke, Claudia I.
N1 - Funding Information:
This manuscript is sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health U01 OH011489.
Funding Information:
Dr. David Yankelevitz is a named inventor on a number of patents and patent applications related to the evaluation of chest diseases including measurements of chest nodules. Dr. Yankelevitz has received financial compensation for the licensing of these patents. In addition, he is a consultant and co‐owner of Accumetra, a private company developing tools to improve the quality of computed tomography (CT) imaging and is on the medical advisory board of Carestream, a company that develops radiography equipment and has consulted for Genentech, AstraZeneca and Pfizer. Dr. Henschke is the President and serves on the board of the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Research Foundation. She receives no compensation from the Foundation. The Foundation is established to provide grants for projects, conferences, and public databases for research on early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Dr. Claudia Henschke is also a named inventor on a number of patents and patent applications relating to the evaluation of pulmonary nodules on CT scans of the chest which are owned by Cornell Research Foundation (CRF). Since 2009, Dr. Henschke does not accept any financial benefit from these patents including royalties and any other proceeds related to the patents or patent applications owned by CRF. Dr. Branch reported grants from Gilead Sciences and Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr. Lewis reported a grant from Bayer Healthcare. Other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
This manuscript is sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health?U01 OH011489.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Background: The World Trade Center (WTC) attack exposed thousands of workers to toxic chemicals that have been linked to liver diseases and cancers. This study examined the relationship between the intensity of WTC dust exposure and the risk of hepatic steatosis in the WTC General Responders Cohort (GRC). Methods: All low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest performed on the WTC GRC between September 11, 2001 and December 31, 2018, collected as part of the World Trade Center Health Program, were reviewed. WTC dust exposure was categorized into five groups based on WTC arrival time. CT liver density was estimated using an automated algorithm, statistics-based liver density estimation from imaging. The relationship between the intensity of WTC dust exposure and the risk of hepatic steatosis was examined using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: Of the 1788 WTC responders, 258 (14.4%) had liver attenuation less than 40 Hounsfield units (HU < 40) on their earliest CT. Median time after September 11, 2001 and the earliest available CT was 11.3 years (interquartile range: 8.0–14.9 years). Prevalence of liver attenuation less than 40 HU was 17.0% for arrivals on September 11, 2001, 16.0% for arrivals on (September 12, 2001 or September 13, 2001), 10.9% for arrivals on September 14–30, 2001, and 9.0% for arrivals on January 10, 2001 or later (p = 0.0015). A statistically significant trend of increasing liver steatosis was observed with earlier arrival times (p < 0.0001). WTC arrival time remained a significant independent factor for decreased liver attenuation after controlling for other covariates. Conclusions: Early arrival at the WTC site was significantly associated with increasing hepatic steatosis.
AB - Background: The World Trade Center (WTC) attack exposed thousands of workers to toxic chemicals that have been linked to liver diseases and cancers. This study examined the relationship between the intensity of WTC dust exposure and the risk of hepatic steatosis in the WTC General Responders Cohort (GRC). Methods: All low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest performed on the WTC GRC between September 11, 2001 and December 31, 2018, collected as part of the World Trade Center Health Program, were reviewed. WTC dust exposure was categorized into five groups based on WTC arrival time. CT liver density was estimated using an automated algorithm, statistics-based liver density estimation from imaging. The relationship between the intensity of WTC dust exposure and the risk of hepatic steatosis was examined using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: Of the 1788 WTC responders, 258 (14.4%) had liver attenuation less than 40 Hounsfield units (HU < 40) on their earliest CT. Median time after September 11, 2001 and the earliest available CT was 11.3 years (interquartile range: 8.0–14.9 years). Prevalence of liver attenuation less than 40 HU was 17.0% for arrivals on September 11, 2001, 16.0% for arrivals on (September 12, 2001 or September 13, 2001), 10.9% for arrivals on September 14–30, 2001, and 9.0% for arrivals on January 10, 2001 or later (p = 0.0015). A statistically significant trend of increasing liver steatosis was observed with earlier arrival times (p < 0.0001). WTC arrival time remained a significant independent factor for decreased liver attenuation after controlling for other covariates. Conclusions: Early arrival at the WTC site was significantly associated with increasing hepatic steatosis.
KW - adverse effects
KW - airborne particulate matter
KW - automated measurement
KW - computed tomography
KW - fatty liver
KW - liver density measurement
KW - liver disease
KW - long term consequences
KW - screening
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111709481&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ajim.23269
DO - 10.1002/ajim.23269
M3 - Article
C2 - 34328231
AN - SCOPUS:85111709481
SN - 0271-3586
VL - 64
SP - 837
EP - 844
JO - American Journal of Industrial Medicine
JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine
IS - 10
ER -