Diseases of the anus and rectum

Anorectal complaints are a very common occurrence and multiple conditions may present with anorectal symptoms ranging from benign disease such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, anorectal abscess, to various malignant conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the rectum. It is critical for the physician to have basic knowledge of these conditions, to understand differentiating points on both physical examination and history, and to realize when referral to a specialist is appropriate.