TY - JOUR
T1 - Degradation of host MicroRNAs by poxvirus poly(A) polymerase reveals terminal RNA methylation as a protective antiviral mechanism
AU - Backes, Simone
AU - Shapiro, Jillian S.
AU - Sabin, Leah R.
AU - Pham, Alissa M.
AU - Reyes, Ismarc
AU - Moss, Bernard
AU - Cherry, Sara
AU - Tenoever, Benjamin R.
N1 - Funding Information:
S.C. and B.R.t. acknowledge the gracious support of the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01AI074951,U54AI057168) to S.C. and the Army Research Office (59471LS) to B.R.t. Additionally, we would like to thank Drs. G. Hannon (HHMI, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories) for performing a subset of the deep sequencing, R. Condit (University of Florida, Gainesville) for the VACV E1L antibody, S.A. Perera (Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Ontario, Canada) for Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV), and R. Clem (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS) for Amsacta moorei Ld652 cells.
PY - 2012/8/16
Y1 - 2012/8/16
N2 - The life cycle of several viruses involves host or virally encoded small noncoding RNAs, which play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Small noncoding RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate the transcriptome, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are involved in pathogen defense in plants, worms, and insects. We show that insect and mammalian poxviruses induce the degradation of host miRNAs. The virally encoded poly(A) polymerase, which polyadenylates viral transcripts, also mediates 3′ polyadenylation of host miRNAs, resulting in their degradation by the host machinery. In contrast, siRNAs, which are protected by 2′O- methylation (2′OMe), were not targeted by poxviruses. These findings suggest that poxviruses may degrade host miRNAs to promote replication and that virus-mediated small RNA degradation likely contributed to 2′OMe evolution.
AB - The life cycle of several viruses involves host or virally encoded small noncoding RNAs, which play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation. Small noncoding RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate the transcriptome, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are involved in pathogen defense in plants, worms, and insects. We show that insect and mammalian poxviruses induce the degradation of host miRNAs. The virally encoded poly(A) polymerase, which polyadenylates viral transcripts, also mediates 3′ polyadenylation of host miRNAs, resulting in their degradation by the host machinery. In contrast, siRNAs, which are protected by 2′O- methylation (2′OMe), were not targeted by poxviruses. These findings suggest that poxviruses may degrade host miRNAs to promote replication and that virus-mediated small RNA degradation likely contributed to 2′OMe evolution.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84865123875&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.019
DO - 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 22901540
AN - SCOPUS:84865123875
SN - 1931-3128
VL - 12
SP - 200
EP - 210
JO - Cell Host and Microbe
JF - Cell Host and Microbe
IS - 2
ER -