Da Vinci Meets Globus Excelsius GPS: A Totally Robotic Minimally Invasive Anterior and Posterior Lumbar Fusion

Background: Minimally invasive approaches to the spine via anterior and posterior approaches have been increasing in popularity, culminating in the development of robot-assisted spinal fusions. The da Vinci surgical robot has been used for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), with promising results. Similarly, multiple spinal robots have been developed to assist placement of posterior pedicle screws. However, no previous cases have reported on using robots for both anterior and posterior fixation in a single surgery. We present a technical note on the first reported case of a totally robotic minimally invasive anterior and posterior lumbar fusion and instrumentation. Methods: A 65-year-old man with chronic low back pain and left greater than right lower extremity radiculopathy was found to have grade 1 spondylolisthesis at L5/S1 that worsened on standing upright. He underwent ALIF using a da Vinci robotic approach, followed by percutaneous posterior instrumented fusion with the Globus Excelsius GPS robot. Results: The patient did well postoperatively, with improvement of back and leg pain at 3 months follow-up. Radiography confirmed appropriate placement of the interbody cage and pedicle screws. Conclusions: All-robotic placement of both ALIF and posterior lumbar pedicle fixation may be safe, feasible, and efficacious.