CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms, smoking, and lung cancer risk in a pooled analysis among Asian populations

To evaluate the roles of CYP1A1 polymorphisms [Ile⁴⁶²Val and T⁶²³⁵C (MspI)] and deletion of GSTM1 and and GSTT1 in lung cancer development in Asian populations, a pooled analysis was conducted on 13 existing studies included in Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogenesis database. This pooled analysis included 1,971 cases and 2,130 controls. Lung cancer riskwas estimated as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using unconditional logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, and pack-year. The CYP1A1 ⁶²³⁵C variant was associated with squamous cell lung cancer (TC versus TT: OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.96-2.09; CC versus TT: OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.26-3.07; P_trend = 0.003). In haplotype analysis, ⁴⁶²Val-⁶²³⁵T and Ile-C haplotypes were associated with lung cancer risk with reference to the Ile-T haplotype (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.78-6.53 and OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12-1.71, respectively). The GSTM1-null genotype increased squamous cell lung cancer risk(OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.77). When the interaction was evaluated with smoking, increasing trend of lung cancer riskas pack-year increased was stronger among those with the CYP1A1 6235 TC/CC genotype compared with those with TT genotype (P_interaction = 0.001) and with the GSTM1-null genotype compared with the present type (P _interaction = 0.08, when no genotype effect with no exposure was assumed). These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and GSTM1 are associated with lung cancer riskin Asian populations. However, further investigation is warranted considering the relatively small sample size when subgroup analyses were done and the lack of environmental exposure data other than smoking.