Complications following surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 10-year prospective follow-up study

Harms Study Group

doi:10.1007/s43390-022-00508-6

Complications following surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 10-year prospective follow-up study

Harms Study Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Accurate reporting of long-term complications of surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is critical, but incomplete. This study aimed to report on the rate of complications following surgical treatment of AIS among patients with at least 10 years of follow-up. Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a multicenter registry of patients who underwent surgical treatment for AIS with minimum 10-year follow-up. Previously published complications were defined as major if they resulted in reoperation, prolonged hospital stay/readmission, neurological deficits, or were considered life-threatening. Rates and causes of reoperations were also reviewed. Results: Two hundred and eighty-two patients were identified with mean age at surgery of 14.6 ± 2.1 years. Mean follow-up was 10.6 (range 9.5–14) years. Eighty-seven patients had anterior spinal fusion (ASF); 195 had posterior spinal fusion (PSF). The overall major complication rate was 9.9% (n = 28) in 27 patients. Among PSF patients, the complication rate was 9.7% (n = 19) in 18 patients. The complications were surgical site infection (37%), adding-on (26%), pulmonary (16%), neurologic (11%), instrumentation (5%), and gastrointestinal (5%). In ASF patients, the complication rate was 10.3% (n = 9) among nine patients. The complications were pulmonary (44%), pseudoarthrosis (22%), neurologic (11%), adding-on (11%), and gastrointestinal (11%). The reoperation rate was 6.0% (n = 17) among 17 patients. Although most of the complications presented within the first 2 years (60.7%), surgical site infection and adding-on were also seen late into the 10-year period. Conclusion: This is the largest prospective study with at least a 10-year follow-up of complications following spinal fusion for AIS, the overall major complication rate was 9.9% with a reoperation rate of 6.0%. Complications presented throughout the 10-year period, making long-term follow-up very important for surveillance. Level of evidence: Therapeutic II.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1097-1105
Number of pages	9
Journal	Spine Deformity
Volume	10
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-022-00508-6
State	Published - Sep 2022

Keywords

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Anterior spinal fusion
Complications
Infection
Posterior spinal fusion
Reoperations

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10.1007/s43390-022-00508-6

Cite this

@article{f33db21111724266aa188554cf251b1a,

title = "Complications following surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 10-year prospective follow-up study",

abstract = "Background: Accurate reporting of long-term complications of surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is critical, but incomplete. This study aimed to report on the rate of complications following surgical treatment of AIS among patients with at least 10 years of follow-up. Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a multicenter registry of patients who underwent surgical treatment for AIS with minimum 10-year follow-up. Previously published complications were defined as major if they resulted in reoperation, prolonged hospital stay/readmission, neurological deficits, or were considered life-threatening. Rates and causes of reoperations were also reviewed. Results: Two hundred and eighty-two patients were identified with mean age at surgery of 14.6 ± 2.1 years. Mean follow-up was 10.6 (range 9.5–14) years. Eighty-seven patients had anterior spinal fusion (ASF); 195 had posterior spinal fusion (PSF). The overall major complication rate was 9.9% (n = 28) in 27 patients. Among PSF patients, the complication rate was 9.7% (n = 19) in 18 patients. The complications were surgical site infection (37%), adding-on (26%), pulmonary (16%), neurologic (11%), instrumentation (5%), and gastrointestinal (5%). In ASF patients, the complication rate was 10.3% (n = 9) among nine patients. The complications were pulmonary (44%), pseudoarthrosis (22%), neurologic (11%), adding-on (11%), and gastrointestinal (11%). The reoperation rate was 6.0% (n = 17) among 17 patients. Although most of the complications presented within the first 2 years (60.7%), surgical site infection and adding-on were also seen late into the 10-year period. Conclusion: This is the largest prospective study with at least a 10-year follow-up of complications following spinal fusion for AIS, the overall major complication rate was 9.9% with a reoperation rate of 6.0%. Complications presented throughout the 10-year period, making long-term follow-up very important for surveillance. Level of evidence: Therapeutic II.",

keywords = "Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Anterior spinal fusion, Complications, Infection, Posterior spinal fusion, Reoperations",

author = "{Harms Study Group} and Hariharan, {Arun R.} and Shah, {Suken A.} and Joseph Petfield and Margaret Baldwin and Burt Yaszay and Newton, {Peter O.} and Lenke, {Lawrence G.} and Lonner, {Baron S.} and Firoz Miyanji and Sponseller, {Paul D.} and Samdani, {Amer F.} and Buckland, {Aaron J.} and Samdani, {Amer F.} and Amit Jain and Lonner, {Baron S.} and Roye, {Benjamin D.} and Chris Reilly and Hedequist, {Daniel J.} and Sucato, {Daniel J.} and Clements, {David H.} and Shufflebarger, {Harry L.} and Flynn, {John M.“Jack”} and Asghar, {Jahangir “John”} and Mac-Thiong, {Jean Marc} and Pahys, {Joshua M.} and Juergen Harms and Bachmann, {Keith R.} and Lenke, {Lawrence G.} and Karol, {Lori A.} and Abel, {Mark F.} and Erickson, {Mark A.} and Glotzbecker, {Michael P.} and Kelly, {Michael P.} and Vitale, {Michael G.} and Marks, {Michelle C.} and Gupta, {Munish C.} and Fletcher, {Nicholas D.} and {Noelle Larson}, A. and Cahill, {Patrick J.} and Sponseller, {Paul D.} and Gabos, {Peter G.} and Sturm, {Peter F.} and Betz, {Randal R.} and Stefan Parent and George, {Stephen G.} and Hwang, {Steven W.} and Shah, {Suken A.} and Sumeet Garg and Errico, {Thomas J.} and Upasani, {Vidyadhar V.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors received study support from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation for the submitted work. Funding Information: Harms Study Group Investigators: Aaron J. Buckland, MD, Royal Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital–Melbourne Australia; Amer F. Samdani, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia; Amit Jain, MD, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baron S. Lonner, MD, Mount Sinai Hospital; Benjamin D. Roye, MD, Columbia University; Burt Yaszay, MD, Rady Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital; Chris Reilly, MD, BC Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital; Daniel J. Hedequist, MD, Boston Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital; Daniel J. Sucato, MD, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital; David H. Clements, MD, Cooper Bone & Joint Institute New Jersey; Firoz Miyanji, MD, BC Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital; Harry L. Shufflebarger, MD, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute; John M. “Jack” Flynn, MD, Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital of Philadelphia; Jahangir “John” Asghar, MD, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute; Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, MD, CHU Sainte-Justine; Joshua M. Pahys, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia; Juergen Harms, MD, Klinikum Karlsbad–Langensteinbach, Karlsbad; Keith R. Bachmann, MD, University of Virginia; Lawrence G. Lenke, MD, Columbia University; Lori A. Karol, MD, Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Denver Colorado; Mark F. Abel, MD, University of Virginia; Mark A. Erickson, MD, Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Denver Colorado; Michael P. Glotzbecker, MD, Rainbow Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Cleveland; Michael P. Kelly, MD, Washington University; Michael G. Vitale, MD, Columbia University; Michelle C. Marks, PT, MA, Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation; Munish C. Gupta, MD, Washington University; Nicholas D. Fletcher, MD, Emory University; A. Noelle Larson, MD, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota; Patrick J. Cahill, MD, Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital of Philadelphia; Paul D. Sponseller, MD, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Peter G. Gabos, MD, Nemours Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Delaware; Peter O. Newton, MD, Rady Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital; Peter F. Sturm, MD, Cincinnati Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital; Randal R. Betz, MD, Institute for Spine & Scoliosis; Stefan Parent, MD, CHU Sainte-Justine; Stephen G. George, MD, Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Steven W. Hwang, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia; Suken A. Shah, MD, Nemours Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Delaware; Sumeet Garg, MD, Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Denver Colorado; Thomas J. Errico, MD, Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Vidyadhar V. Upasani, MD, Rady Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital. Funding Information: Authors ARH, JP, and MB have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Author SAS reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study; grants and non-financial support from DePuy Synthes Spine, outside the submitted work. Author BY reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Stryker, grants and personal fees from Nuvasive, grants and personal fees from Depuy Synthes, personal fees from Globus, personal fees from Orthopediatrics, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Biogen, outside the submitted work. Author PON reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study; grants and other from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, other from Rady Children's Specialists of San Diego, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from DePuy Synthes Spine, grants and other from Scoliosis Research Society, grants from EOS imaging, personal fees from Thieme Publishing, grants from NuVasive, other from Electrocore, other from International Pediatric Orthopedic Think Tank, grants, non-financial support and other from Orthopediatrics, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Stryker K2M, grants and non-financial support from Alphatech, grants from Mazor Robotics, personal fees from Pacira, personal fees from Globus Medical, personal fees from Medtronic, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Newton has a patent Anchoring systems and methods for correcting spinal deformities (8540754) with royalties paid to DePuy Synthes Spine, a patent Low profile spinal tethering systems (8123749) licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc., a patent posterior spinal fixation licensed to Stryker/K2M, and a patent posterior cervical fixation with royalties paid to Stryker/K2M. Author LGL reports personal fees from Medtronic, non-financial support from Broadwater, grants and non-financial support from Scoliosis Research Society, grants from EOS, grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, other from Evans Family Donation, other from Fox Family Foundation, grants and non-financial support from AOSpine, personal fees from Abryx, personal fees from EOS Technologies, personal fees from Acuity Surgical. Author BSL reports grants from Grant from DePuy Synthes to Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation in Support of Harms Study Group, personal fees and non-financial support from Depuy Synthes, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, personal fees and non-financial support from ApiFix, other from Spine Search, other from Paradigm Spine, other from SRS Spine Deformity Journal, outside the submitted work. Author FM reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, personal fees from Depuy Synthes Spine, personal fees from Stryker Spine, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, personal fees from Orthopediatrics, outside the submitted work. Author PDS reports personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, personal fees from Globus, personal fees from Pacira, personal fees from Orthopediatrics, personal fees from JBJS, outside the submitted work. Author AFS reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, personal fees from Ethicon, personal fees from Globus Medical, personal fees from Medical Device Business Services, personal fees from Mirus, personal fees from NuVasive, personal fees from Orthofix, personal fees from Stryker, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, outside the submitted work. Author HSG reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study: SSSF receives funding from DePuy Synthes Spine, EOS imaging, K2M, Medtronic, NuVasive, Zimmer Biomet and the FDA in support of Harms Study Group research; grants and other from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: SSSF received educational grants from Orthopediatrics, Mazor Robotics, Stryker, Ellipse, Globus & SpineGuard, to support Setting Scoliosis Straight educational activities. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Scoliosis Research Society.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1007/s43390-022-00508-6",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "1097--1105",

journal = "Spine Deformity",

issn = "2212-134X",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

number = "5",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Complications following surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

T2 - a 10-year prospective follow-up study

AU - Harms Study Group

AU - Hariharan, Arun R.

AU - Shah, Suken A.

AU - Petfield, Joseph

AU - Baldwin, Margaret

AU - Yaszay, Burt

AU - Newton, Peter O.

AU - Lenke, Lawrence G.

AU - Lonner, Baron S.

AU - Miyanji, Firoz

AU - Sponseller, Paul D.

AU - Samdani, Amer F.

AU - Buckland, Aaron J.

AU - Samdani, Amer F.

AU - Jain, Amit

AU - Lonner, Baron S.

AU - Roye, Benjamin D.

AU - Reilly, Chris

AU - Hedequist, Daniel J.

AU - Sucato, Daniel J.

AU - Clements, David H.

AU - Shufflebarger, Harry L.

AU - Flynn, John M.“Jack”

AU - Asghar, Jahangir “John”

AU - Mac-Thiong, Jean Marc

AU - Pahys, Joshua M.

AU - Harms, Juergen

AU - Bachmann, Keith R.

AU - Lenke, Lawrence G.

AU - Karol, Lori A.

AU - Abel, Mark F.

AU - Erickson, Mark A.

AU - Glotzbecker, Michael P.

AU - Kelly, Michael P.

AU - Vitale, Michael G.

AU - Marks, Michelle C.

AU - Gupta, Munish C.

AU - Fletcher, Nicholas D.

AU - Noelle Larson, A.

AU - Cahill, Patrick J.

AU - Sponseller, Paul D.

AU - Gabos, Peter G.

AU - Sturm, Peter F.

AU - Betz, Randal R.

AU - Parent, Stefan

AU - George, Stephen G.

AU - Hwang, Steven W.

AU - Shah, Suken A.

AU - Garg, Sumeet

AU - Errico, Thomas J.

AU - Upasani, Vidyadhar V.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors received study support from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation for the submitted work. Funding Information: Harms Study Group Investigators: Aaron J. Buckland, MD, Royal Children’s Hospital–Melbourne Australia; Amer F. Samdani, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia; Amit Jain, MD, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baron S. Lonner, MD, Mount Sinai Hospital; Benjamin D. Roye, MD, Columbia University; Burt Yaszay, MD, Rady Children’s Hospital; Chris Reilly, MD, BC Children’s Hospital; Daniel J. Hedequist, MD, Boston Children’s Hospital; Daniel J. Sucato, MD, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital; David H. Clements, MD, Cooper Bone & Joint Institute New Jersey; Firoz Miyanji, MD, BC Children’s Hospital; Harry L. Shufflebarger, MD, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute; John M. “Jack” Flynn, MD, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Jahangir “John” Asghar, MD, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute; Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, MD, CHU Sainte-Justine; Joshua M. Pahys, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia; Juergen Harms, MD, Klinikum Karlsbad–Langensteinbach, Karlsbad; Keith R. Bachmann, MD, University of Virginia; Lawrence G. Lenke, MD, Columbia University; Lori A. Karol, MD, Children’s Hospital, Denver Colorado; Mark F. Abel, MD, University of Virginia; Mark A. Erickson, MD, Children’s Hospital, Denver Colorado; Michael P. Glotzbecker, MD, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Cleveland; Michael P. Kelly, MD, Washington University; Michael G. Vitale, MD, Columbia University; Michelle C. Marks, PT, MA, Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation; Munish C. Gupta, MD, Washington University; Nicholas D. Fletcher, MD, Emory University; A. Noelle Larson, MD, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota; Patrick J. Cahill, MD, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Paul D. Sponseller, MD, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Peter G. Gabos, MD, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Delaware; Peter O. Newton, MD, Rady Children’s Hospital; Peter F. Sturm, MD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital; Randal R. Betz, MD, Institute for Spine & Scoliosis; Stefan Parent, MD, CHU Sainte-Justine; Stephen G. George, MD, Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Steven W. Hwang, MD, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia; Suken A. Shah, MD, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Delaware; Sumeet Garg, MD, Children’s Hospital, Denver Colorado; Thomas J. Errico, MD, Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Vidyadhar V. Upasani, MD, Rady Children’s Hospital. Funding Information: Authors ARH, JP, and MB have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Author SAS reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study; grants and non-financial support from DePuy Synthes Spine, outside the submitted work. Author BY reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Stryker, grants and personal fees from Nuvasive, grants and personal fees from Depuy Synthes, personal fees from Globus, personal fees from Orthopediatrics, personal fees from Medtronic, personal fees from Biogen, outside the submitted work. Author PON reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study; grants and other from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, other from Rady Children's Specialists of San Diego, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from DePuy Synthes Spine, grants and other from Scoliosis Research Society, grants from EOS imaging, personal fees from Thieme Publishing, grants from NuVasive, other from Electrocore, other from International Pediatric Orthopedic Think Tank, grants, non-financial support and other from Orthopediatrics, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Stryker K2M, grants and non-financial support from Alphatech, grants from Mazor Robotics, personal fees from Pacira, personal fees from Globus Medical, personal fees from Medtronic, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Newton has a patent Anchoring systems and methods for correcting spinal deformities (8540754) with royalties paid to DePuy Synthes Spine, a patent Low profile spinal tethering systems (8123749) licensed to DePuy Spine, Inc., a patent posterior spinal fixation licensed to Stryker/K2M, and a patent posterior cervical fixation with royalties paid to Stryker/K2M. Author LGL reports personal fees from Medtronic, non-financial support from Broadwater, grants and non-financial support from Scoliosis Research Society, grants from EOS, grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, other from Evans Family Donation, other from Fox Family Foundation, grants and non-financial support from AOSpine, personal fees from Abryx, personal fees from EOS Technologies, personal fees from Acuity Surgical. Author BSL reports grants from Grant from DePuy Synthes to Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation in Support of Harms Study Group, personal fees and non-financial support from Depuy Synthes, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, personal fees and non-financial support from ApiFix, other from Spine Search, other from Paradigm Spine, other from SRS Spine Deformity Journal, outside the submitted work. Author FM reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, personal fees from Depuy Synthes Spine, personal fees from Stryker Spine, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, personal fees from Orthopediatrics, outside the submitted work. Author PDS reports personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, personal fees from Globus, personal fees from Pacira, personal fees from Orthopediatrics, personal fees from JBJS, outside the submitted work. Author AFS reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from DePuy Synthes Spine, personal fees from Ethicon, personal fees from Globus Medical, personal fees from Medical Device Business Services, personal fees from Mirus, personal fees from NuVasive, personal fees from Orthofix, personal fees from Stryker, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, outside the submitted work. Author HSG reports grants from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, during the conduct of the study: SSSF receives funding from DePuy Synthes Spine, EOS imaging, K2M, Medtronic, NuVasive, Zimmer Biomet and the FDA in support of Harms Study Group research; grants and other from Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation: SSSF received educational grants from Orthopediatrics, Mazor Robotics, Stryker, Ellipse, Globus & SpineGuard, to support Setting Scoliosis Straight educational activities. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Scoliosis Research Society.

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - Background: Accurate reporting of long-term complications of surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is critical, but incomplete. This study aimed to report on the rate of complications following surgical treatment of AIS among patients with at least 10 years of follow-up. Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a multicenter registry of patients who underwent surgical treatment for AIS with minimum 10-year follow-up. Previously published complications were defined as major if they resulted in reoperation, prolonged hospital stay/readmission, neurological deficits, or were considered life-threatening. Rates and causes of reoperations were also reviewed. Results: Two hundred and eighty-two patients were identified with mean age at surgery of 14.6 ± 2.1 years. Mean follow-up was 10.6 (range 9.5–14) years. Eighty-seven patients had anterior spinal fusion (ASF); 195 had posterior spinal fusion (PSF). The overall major complication rate was 9.9% (n = 28) in 27 patients. Among PSF patients, the complication rate was 9.7% (n = 19) in 18 patients. The complications were surgical site infection (37%), adding-on (26%), pulmonary (16%), neurologic (11%), instrumentation (5%), and gastrointestinal (5%). In ASF patients, the complication rate was 10.3% (n = 9) among nine patients. The complications were pulmonary (44%), pseudoarthrosis (22%), neurologic (11%), adding-on (11%), and gastrointestinal (11%). The reoperation rate was 6.0% (n = 17) among 17 patients. Although most of the complications presented within the first 2 years (60.7%), surgical site infection and adding-on were also seen late into the 10-year period. Conclusion: This is the largest prospective study with at least a 10-year follow-up of complications following spinal fusion for AIS, the overall major complication rate was 9.9% with a reoperation rate of 6.0%. Complications presented throughout the 10-year period, making long-term follow-up very important for surveillance. Level of evidence: Therapeutic II.

AB - Background: Accurate reporting of long-term complications of surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is critical, but incomplete. This study aimed to report on the rate of complications following surgical treatment of AIS among patients with at least 10 years of follow-up. Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a multicenter registry of patients who underwent surgical treatment for AIS with minimum 10-year follow-up. Previously published complications were defined as major if they resulted in reoperation, prolonged hospital stay/readmission, neurological deficits, or were considered life-threatening. Rates and causes of reoperations were also reviewed. Results: Two hundred and eighty-two patients were identified with mean age at surgery of 14.6 ± 2.1 years. Mean follow-up was 10.6 (range 9.5–14) years. Eighty-seven patients had anterior spinal fusion (ASF); 195 had posterior spinal fusion (PSF). The overall major complication rate was 9.9% (n = 28) in 27 patients. Among PSF patients, the complication rate was 9.7% (n = 19) in 18 patients. The complications were surgical site infection (37%), adding-on (26%), pulmonary (16%), neurologic (11%), instrumentation (5%), and gastrointestinal (5%). In ASF patients, the complication rate was 10.3% (n = 9) among nine patients. The complications were pulmonary (44%), pseudoarthrosis (22%), neurologic (11%), adding-on (11%), and gastrointestinal (11%). The reoperation rate was 6.0% (n = 17) among 17 patients. Although most of the complications presented within the first 2 years (60.7%), surgical site infection and adding-on were also seen late into the 10-year period. Conclusion: This is the largest prospective study with at least a 10-year follow-up of complications following spinal fusion for AIS, the overall major complication rate was 9.9% with a reoperation rate of 6.0%. Complications presented throughout the 10-year period, making long-term follow-up very important for surveillance. Level of evidence: Therapeutic II.

KW - Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

KW - Anterior spinal fusion

KW - Complications

KW - Infection

KW - Posterior spinal fusion

KW - Reoperations

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136142061&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s43390-022-00508-6

DO - 10.1007/s43390-022-00508-6

M3 - Article

C2 - 35488969

AN - SCOPUS:85136142061

SN - 2212-134X

VL - 10

SP - 1097

EP - 1105

JO - Spine Deformity

JF - Spine Deformity

IS - 5

ER -

Complications following surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 10-year prospective follow-up study

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