Common functional problems

In this chapter, we will discuss three common functional problems in the homebound elderly: falls, incontinence, and unintentional weight loss. All three are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and decreased function and independence. The risk factors and etiologies for these problems are often more diverse and complex in the homebound elderly than in younger patients, with psychiatric and socioeconomic factors playing an important part. Evaluation for these problems should focus on prevention and investigation of reversible causes. While some pharmacological treatment options exist, the optimal management of these problems requires a multidisciplinary approach and should always reflect the patient’s preference and goals of care.